Jesus is Fully God
Hebrews 1:3; Romans 9:5; Colossians 1:15-17
We are in
Romans, chapter 9 and in the last three or four lessons the focus has been on
understanding what the Scripture says about the deity of Jesus. Those who are
disbelievers of Christianity in the Bible focus on attacking the authority of
Scripture and the deity of Christ. We live in a world today where you get these
attacks more and more frequently and you hear them in a lot of different
places. I was talking not long ago with some friends of mine who both love
history and they pointed out that they watch almost everything that’s on the
History Channel, the Discovery Channel, all of these different things. That’s
not unusual. A lot of people are that way and it would not surprise us how many
people get their understanding of Christianity from these kinds of sources. But
PBS, the History
Channel, and the Discovery Channel are not good sources because they interview
popular theologians. Popular theologians are popular because they reject the
absolutes of Scripture. You can’t count on them for truth.
My point is
that these ideas have filtered down to everyday people and whether they know
who teaches them or whom they come from or not is not important. That’s what
they believe. They say, “Well, the Bible doesn’t really make that claim.
Someone else made that claim about Jesus some hundred or two hundred years
later so how can you really believe Jesus is God? So how do you answer that
question? People will ask that, not necessarily to just be attacking you when
you’re witnessing to them but they’ve heard this and they want to know an
answer. We don’t want to intellectually insult them by saying they just have to
believe it because we said so. We have to be able to articulate our faith. Paul
did it. Peter did it. Peter said we all have to do it in 1 Peter 3:15 when he
said to be “ready to give an answer for the hope that is in you.” We have to be
able to explain why we believe these particular things.
Sometimes when we’re
witnessing to people, such as a friend I’ve had a number of conversations with
over many years, and he has a set of 10 or 12 reasons why you can’t believe the
New Testament. He can machine-gun those things out of his mouth. About three
years ago I just stopped him after the first one. I said, “STOP! I know you have a bunch of other reasons but let’s
just talk about that one.” People put these objections out of there as part of
their suppression of truth mechanism to prevent from really having a conversation
because they don’t want to hear the truth and be challenged. My strategy has
been that each time we have one of these conversations, I’m just going to stop
him on one of these objections and say, “Let me show you why that’s not a valid
objection.” As time goes by, I’m kind of picking apart this defensive mechanism
that he has. That’s not just something I should do as a pastor. That’s
something we’re all supposed to do. My responsibility as a pastor is to equip
you to do the work of the ministry. That means it’s not really my job to do
most of the evangelism around here. It’s your job. So we need to be prepared to
do that.
Romans 9:5 is
just a great verse and is one of the most significant verses for stating the
deity of Christ in the New Testament. In modern theology, they have this
interesting little mechanism they use by saying, “Well, Paul doesn’t really
make a really clear, obvious or overt statement that Christ is God anywhere
else in his writings.” That’s not exactly true but that’s what they say. “So
this can’t really be Paul’s style.” That’s a common thing that is said today.
But it’s really clear from the Scripture that he says Christ is God. In verse 5
he says, “Of whom are the Fathers, and from whom, according to the flesh Christ
came.” In other words Christ came from the patriarchal father, Abraham, Isaac,
Jacob, and Joseph and his brothers. Christ came and then I shifted the
appositional phrase around and it makes it even clearer, “Christ came, the
Eternally Blessed God.” This is a really strong statement on the deity of
Christ. And that He is “over all.”
Last time we
looked at this in terms of three Old Testament promises you can put in the
little arsenal of your Christian witnessing “magazine” so you can fire at least
three bullets at them from the Old Testament and three from the New Testament.
The three Old Testament promises are: Isaiah 7:14, Isaiah 9:6, Micah 5:2. All
of these chapters are odd numbers to help you remember. Three New Testament
verses that clearly talk about the deity of Christ are John 1:1-5 and 14,
Colossians 1:15, and Hebrews 1:3.
Last time we
looked at John 1:1 and saw that Christ was the Word, the logos, indicating a separate distinct
personality and the Word was God. The important thing here is the verb “was” because
it’s in the imperfect tense, which indicates continual past tense existence.
It’s very different from what we find in John 1:6 where it says, “There came a
man, John…” It uses the verb ginomai meaning “coming into existence”,
whereas the word eimi in verse 1 indicates a continual
existence. It goes on to say that “the logos was in the beginning with God and all
things were made through Him and without Him nothing was made that was made.”
So once again, right up front Christ is said to be the creator. Creation is
attributed to Him, which is an act of deity and we’re going to see the same
thing in Colossians, chapter 1.
There’s no
apology on the part of the writers of Scripture for believing in the ex nihilo creation, which is what we’ve
been studying in our Acts passage on Tuesday nights. It’s interesting that in
both the John 1 and the Colossians 1 passages one of the first things the
writers emphasize is on Jesus as Creator. Colossians 1:15 says that He is the
image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. Then we have an
explanation, “For by Him…” This explains why Paul can say He has the very
essence of God. That’s the significance of that first sentence. It’s says
He has all the essence of God and the first line of evidence for Him being
fully God is that He created all things.
“For by Him all
things were created, both in the heavens and on earth, visible and invisible,
whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities---all things have been
created through Him and for Him.” Rulers or authorities usually refer to
different ranks among the angels, whether they are fallen angels or whether
they are elect angels. Somebody recently asked me if this ranking was affected
in any way by the angelic rebellion. I think there probably was a reorganization
of the fallen ranks under Satan but that’s as far as we can go. God created
each individual angel as its own entity. They don’t have marriage among the
angels. They don’t make baby angels so there’s no procreation that takes place.
God created each angel in and of itself so they’re not related to one another.
We’re all
related to one another. We may go back two hundred years, five hundred years
and we may go back all the way to Noah in order to have a connection to Shem,
Ham, and Japheth but we’re all basically cousins. There’s a pretty good chance
that there’s at least one member or extended member of this congregation who
has a common ancestor with me. I don’t know what that’s called but it’s a long
way back and we’re all related. That’s why Christ could die for the entire
human race because He became a human being, via the virgin conception and
birth, so he’s genetically related to every one of us. But He couldn’t die for
the angels because He wasn’t an angel.
Every now and
then someone comes along and thinks that Jesus’ death has something to do with
some sort of redemption solution for Satan or for the angels. But Jesus dies
for human beings because He is a human. That’s what allows for the
substitutionary death of Christ. He can’t die for the angels. He couldn’t come
as an angel and die for all the other angels because the angels aren’t related
to one another. There’s not an integrated unity there but there is with the
human race. So He is also the image of the invisible God. He is God Himself and
so He is the firstborn over all creation.
Now we look at
this terminology, which describes who He is in verse 15 and describes actions
that demonstrate His essence in verse 16. And in verse 17 states His eternality
and also His sustaining work of the creation. Then verse 18 ties Him to His
role in relationship to the Church. In verse 15 we read three key terms here:
He’s the image of the invisible God;
then the second term He’s the invisible
God and we ask what does that mean and how is that significant and then the
third term is the term firstborn.
As we look at
this first word, image or eikon, a
representation of God. It indicates the essence of the thing that the image
reflects and shares in the essence of this thing. That’s why in Greek Orthodox
culture they get into trouble with their so-called idolatry. It was called the
iconoclastic controversy in the early church. They have these icons which they
put up in Greek Orthodox churches. They’ll have an array of candles, flowers,
and they pray to those icons. Some of them say that those are just sort of like
training aids.
The problem is
that in Greek thought there is this integral relationship between the essence
of the thing and its image. They’re united. This goes all the way back to some
of the thought of Plato and Aristotle. So two ideas are present with this word.
One is that Jesus as the image possesses full deity. He has all of the
attributes of God. To say Jesus is the image of God is not just saying Jesus is
just a picture of God. It’s saying that Jesus shares in all of the essence and
all of the attributes of God. The concept of image also indicates a
representation. Just as you might have a picture or an icon on your screen on
your computer, it represents something.
Both ideas are present
here. Jesus is the very essence of God and He is the representative of God.
This fits with what we saw last time in John 1:14 and 18 that no one has seen
God at any time but the only begotten has explained Him. So He is the eternal Logos who became flesh and dwelt among
us. He added humanity to His deity and He dwelt among us so He could be the one
who reveals the Father to us. So how do we know what the Father looks like?
Jesus said if you had seen Him you’ve seen the Father. The reverse would be true
as well. If we had seen the Father, we would have seen Jesus. There is such a
close unity in the Trinity. If you’ve seen one, you’ve seen all three of them.
The theological
term for this is called perichoresis, which is the Greek term for a Latin
word that was circumcision. They both describe the same thing, which is that
the Father is in the Son; the Son is in the Father and so on for the Spirit. So
if you’ve seen one member of the Trinity, you’ve seen all three because there
is an integral unity within the Trinity. So this is very important to
understand because we’re finite and we have trouble understanding the concept
of the Trinity, we go to the point of separating them so much that when we see
something in Scripture, like in Isaiah 6, where Isaiah goes before the Throne
of God we tend to think that was God the Father or the Son or the Holy Spirit.
But no, it’s the triune God that He sees. It’s the Godhead that he sees sitting
on the Throne.
That’s why in
John 12 Jesus said that Isaiah beheld His glory. That is because if you’ve seen
the glory of the Father, you’ve seen the glory of the Son because there’s a
unity in the Godhead. This is the doctrine of perichoresis.
So Jesus can be said to be the image or the representative of God. The image
shares in the reality and the essence of what it represents. So the essence of
the thing is portrayed and presented in the image.
This is a
loaded term. You can’t use an English definition of image to catch all of the nuances
and all of the significance of the Greek word that underlies that. This is
stated again and again in the New Testament. You have passages like 2
Corinthians 4:4, “In whose case the god of this world has blinded the minds of
unbelievers.” We’re going to get into some things related to Calvinism in the
coming weeks as we get more into Romans 9. I just want to frontload you with
this thing a little bit because in Calvinism there’s this idea of total
depravity, which they usually refer to as total inability. They believe it is
absolutely impossible for fallen man who is completely incapable of
understanding the gospel or even expressing positive volition toward God. They
believe it is impossible for the unsaved person to do this. Let me suggest that
if it’s so impossible for the unsaved man to even express positive volition,
then why does Satan need to blind their minds? Hadn’t thought of that? Why does
Satan need to blind the mind of an unbeliever if he’s locked into negative
volition and He can’t understand anything? So part of the role of Satan is that
he blinds the minds of unbelievers as this verse says. This verse goes on to
say why he blinds them, “So that they might not see the light of the gospel of
the glory of Christ, who is the image of God.”
We’re going to
look at the term “the glory of Christ” a little more in-depth in this lesson.
The use of glory is often a circumlocution. That’s a fancy way of saying you’re
talking about something else. It’s another word for something. If we’re talking
about the essence of something then essence can be a circumlocution for glory.
So the gospel is related to Christ’s glory. Christ’s glory is related to His
work on the cross. Then we’re told that Christ is the image of God. So again,
in 2 Corinthians 4:4 Paul make this same statement. This is a profound
statement that Christ shares in all of the attributes of God.
In John 17:5
Jesus is praying to the Father and He says, “Now, Father, glorify Me together
with Yourself, with the glory which I had with You before the world was.” Here it’s not talking about essence
because Jesus didn’t give up His essence. This is talking about the
manifestation of his divine nature. Jesus limited the manifestation of His
divine nature when He was on the earth. The only time that Jesus revealed his
divine nature was at the Mount of Transfiguration when His glory shone forth
and James and John and Peter saw that glory. That was the radiance of His
glory. That’s the effect of His essence. That effect was veiled during the
incarnation. It was not taken away. He was still full deity but it was just
veiled and that gets into the kenosis passage in Philippians 2.
So He’s the
image of the invisible God. We don’t see God. No one has ever seen God the
Father. Jesus represents it here. John 1:18 tells us that no one has seen God
at any time. Isaiah saw His glory but He didn’t see beyond the glory as we’ll
see in Hebrews 1 in talking about the effulgence of His radiance. He doesn’t
see behind the light that emanates from God the Father. John 1:18 says He is
the only begotten Son, that is the unique Son of God, the One of a kind Son of
God from monogenes meaning only or
one of a kind, who is in the bosom of the Father, He has declared Him. The word
for declare is the word exegeomai,
which is where we get our word exegesis. It means to explain or to expound upon
something.
So Colossians
1:15 tells us Jesus is the firstborn over all creation. Now in our culture we
think of first born in terms of chronological order. The Greeks sometimes used
the term as first in a sequence but it also can be first in terms of
significance or preeminence or priority, the one who is first is the one who is
elevated in authority over everything else. So that’s the idea here. It’s from
the Greek word prototkos. Here we
have the idea of first in rank. We see this in a number of different passages.
The Old Testament uses it in reference to the Messiah in Psalm 89:26. This is a
meditation on the Davidic covenant, a Psalm written by David. He’s reflecting
upon the blessing of God in promising that through David and through his
descendants there would be this eternal king who would rule on the throne in
Jerusalem. “He will cry to Me [God], You are my Father, My God, and the rock of
my salvation. I will also make Him my firstborn, the highest of the kings of
the earth.” So this term firstborn is also a term that has Messianic
implications from the Old Testament.
Now this
word is used in several other passages in the New Testament. For example in
Romans 8:29 it states, “For those whom He foreknew, He also predestined to
become conformed to the image of His Son, so that He would be the firstborn
among many brothers.” We went through this not long ago in Romans, that
predestined has to do with determining a destiny, an end game ahead of time. It
doesn’t mean choosing who will be saved or who won’t. He is saying that those
who are saved will have a destiny and that is to “be conformed to the image of
His Son.” So we are to take on the character qualities and essence of God.
That’s what’s being produced in us, character wide, as the fruit of the Spirit.
We’re predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, that He [Christ]
might be the firstborn, first in rank, among many brothers.
Also our
current passage has this emphasis that Christ is the firstborn over all
creation. Now there are several reasons why this can’t mean first in time.
First, that would be inconsistent with the context because the context states
that He [Jesus] created all things. Now He can’t be a creature if He’s created
all things because He would not have created Himself. So all things is a
universal term indicating that Christ created all things. It doesn’t say that
Christ created everything except Himself. That’s the wrong idea that comes from
Arianism which was a heresy developed in the late 3rd century and
early 4th century in the early church. It says that somewhere in
eternity past Christ was generated. There was a time when Christ was not. That
was the little contemporary Christian chorus that Arius sang all around the
Roman Empire. You know there are a lot of heresies communicated through a lot
of different hymns. A lot of people get more of their theology from hymns they
sang from the sermons they hear. That was a little ditty that Arius popularized,
“There was a time when God was not.” In other words God the Father is the
Eternal Father and Arius said that at some point in eternity past He generates
the Son. So that would make the Son a creature so He couldn’t create all things
if He himself is a creature. He could only create everything but Himself.
The statement
that “He created all things” indicates that He is fully God. Second, it would
contradict the rest of the New Testament which clearly states and emphasizes
that Jesus Christ is eternal (John 1:3], He’s the unique One, and He also
created all things. We could say God the Father is the architect; God the Son
is the project manager, and God the Holy Spirit was the one who was onsite
overseeing everything. It works something like that. Each had a distinct role
but they’re all can be said to be the Creator of all things. So it has this
idea of being first in priority. He created all things.
In fact, in the
New World translation of the Jehovah’s Witnesses they insert a word like “other”
in different places here in order to keep Jesus from being a unique firstborn
creator of all things. We also know that in Hebrews 1:6 Jesus receives the
worship of the angels. Only God can be worshipped. That indicates again that He
has full deity. So this idea of firstborn indicates He is the preeminent one
and rules over creation. Colossians 1:16 goes on to say that it is by Him that
all things were created that are in heaven.” It also says, “all things were
created through [dia] Him which
indicates secondary agency and the last one says all things were created for
Him.
The first
phrase that all things were created by Him probably has the idea that was
eternally in His thinking that it was in His mind as a complete total package,
a pattern that He knew forever and then it was through His agency that it was
created. en plus the dative can indicate agency as well. The problem
is that this would be a redundancy in the passage as well. You’ve already said
it in the second phrase dia autou.
That’s already states an agency so you wouldn’t say “by Him” and “by Him”
again. So that first dia autou
probably has the idea of “in His mind” and in His thinking, all things were
created. It concludes by saying that all things were created through Him as the
agency of creation and for Him. So He’s the architect, the builder, and He
becomes the goal of the universe itself. The goal of the universe is towards
Him.
Then
Colossians1:17 emphasizes that He is the sustainer of the universe. Only God
could do that in His omnipotence. Only God could sustain all of the creation.
Now this doesn’t give us a right to be irresponsible in our stewardship or
oversight of creation. We don’t want to foolishly abuse creation. But that’s
not the prominent view of environmentalism. That may be true in some areas but
that’s not what is happening politically or culturally in terms of the
environmentalist movement. The movement we have today is built off of a pantheistic
view of the universe, and they believe that the worst virus on the planet is we
humans. The environmentalist ideology is that we should all go back to as close
a view to nature as we can and that’s just a distortion of things.
God put man on
the planet to oversee and utilize the natural resources and to develop them for
the glory of God and for the benefit of mankind. There’s nothing wrong with
that. Now we can do that in a rapacious manner and certainly human beings have
done that from everyone from primitive tribes all the way up to modern
corporations and industries. But really if people are wise, people know better
than to foul their own nests. Usually what you find with environmentalists is
some sort of ideal of the primitive native that they are somehow purer and they
haven’t been sullied by civilization so you get this totally false view.
What you had in
our own history like the Comanche Indians. I’ve been reading a great book
called The Empire of the Summer Moon,
which is an extremely well written history of the rise of Quannah Parker and
the fall of the Commanche nation. If you want to learn some really interesting
things about Texas history, that’s a great book to read. I highly recommend it.
The Commanches really overpopulated Commancheria in the period that they
dominated from the 1700’s to the late 1800’s. They would go into an area with
no understanding of principles of modern sanitation. They didn’t have garbage
pickup. They didn’t have an understanding of separation of all the different
things they were putting out. They would just go live in an area for a while until
they trashed it and then they would go live in another area. They would
continue to do that.
They were
extremely violent. They pushed the Apaches and several other tribes out of the
High Plains once they got horses. It just shows once again that one tribe
pushed another tribe out. Then the Americans came in, the Anglos came in and we
just did what the previous tribes had done; we just pushed that tribe out.
Somebody will come along eventually and push us out. That’s how history has run
its course so there’s no such thing as this innocent, pure native that was
living in some sort of pristine paradise and then the evil Anglo westerner came
in and drove everybody out. This is just used to beat up on any kind of modern
technology, modern industry that makes life better for all of us.
Thank God we
have discovered so many different things that make life so much easier for us
and so much more comfortable. After a day like today when I think it hit 102
degrees here in Houston, we can thank God we have air conditioning. Can you
imagine what it would be like if we didn’t have air conditioning? Some of you
remember Houston before it got air conditioning. Houston was just a city that
air conditioning made. It was just a bump on the Bayou before we got air conditioning,
and now look what’s happened. Of course the other side of is that once we got
air conditioning Congress can meet most of the year and so if we didn’t have
air conditioning, we’d probably have a lot more freedoms that we’ve lost due to
technology, but that’s a different issue.
Christ sustains
everything. He has built into creation the mechanisms to cleanse out all the
impurities that develop within all the ecological systems. For example, take volcanoes.
Pick your favorite volcano whether its Pinatubo or Mt. St. Helens or Krakatoa
or any one, and you measure the pollution that’s thrown into the air by these
volcanoes over a period of just a few days and it would take decades and
decades of industrial pollution to do as much damage to the environment as one
volcano does in a couple of days.
That’s not to
justify irresponsible industrial waste but it is pointing out that we just get
so over bloated in our importance that we can somehow destroy the planet. We
can’t destroy the planet. We may trash our neighborhood but we’re not going to
destroy the planet because Jesus Christ has built systems into every system of
the planet to cleanse the air, to cleanse the water, to cleanse different
things and it all runs along according to his plan and purpose. But see, if you
remove God you’re left to the only real causative agent in the universe. Man is
left as the bad one. All of these things fit together so Christ is the one who
is the sustainer of everything. Colossians 1:17 says, “He is before all things,
and in Him all things hold together.” So He is the one who sustains everything
in the universe.
The next major
passage we are going to look at for understanding the deity of Christ is
Hebrews 1:3. Hebrews chapter 1 is another tremendous passage on the Son as
being divine. Verse 3 says, “And He [Jesus Christ] is the radiance of His glory
and the exact representation of His nature, and upholds all things by the word
of His power.” This takes us back to the statement made at the beginning of the
chapter. We read in verse 1, “God [referring to God the Father] after He spoke
long ago to the fathers in the prophets in many portions and in many ways in
these last days has spoken to us by His Son whom He appointed heir of all
things.” He’s talking about God’s revelation to us by His Son who He’s
appointed heir of all things through whom also He made the world.
Right
there in the second verse the writer of Hebrews does the same thing that Paul
does in Colossians and that John did in 1:1. He takes us right to the doctrine
of creation. I’ve heard so many Christians say they didn’t even want to talk
about creation because it might be a distraction to the gospel. Well, none of
the writers of Scripture knew that. They understood that the doctrine of
creation is crucial to understanding who this God is who sent Jesus and who
Jesus is. Through Jesus God the Father made the world.
Then we
come to verse 3 still talking about His Son, “And He is the radiance
[brightness] of His glory and the exact representation [express image] of His
nature [person] and upholding all things by the word of His power when He had
made purification [by Himself purged} our sins, He sat down at the right hand
of the Majesty on high.” That is a well-packed verse. We’re just focusing on
the deity of Christ here, that He is the brightness of His glory. There’s
several different ways to express this but the idea we have here in the Greek
is that He is the express image of God the Father.
This is the
same idea we have in Colossians 1:15. It starts off with that relative pronoun,
who, referring to Jesus Christ, “Who being [eimi
which is ongoing existence, not ginomai which would be to become] the radiance
[brightness] of His glory.” Glory is the Greek word apaugasma, which means radiance, effulgence. In the passive
voice it can mean reflection. This is the result of His eternal light. This is
what is expressed. It’s the out working of His glory, the expression of His
glory. We see various other passages that talk about this. The core idea is
that this relates to a brightness, a brilliance of light that emanates from the
core of the glory of God.
When we talk
about that we have to bring in a discussion of the Shekinah glory of God and
this brightness is the visible radiation of His glory, of His invisible
essence. We have passages that talk about this. For example, John 1:14, we
read, “And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us and we beheld His glory.”
Now this is an interesting passage because you’ll have some people who’ll go to
this verse and say, “Well, John was one of the three guys who saw Jesus
revealing His glory on the Mount of Transfiguration.” The trouble is when we
get into John 2 where Jesus changes the water into wine, John says that this is
the first manifestation of His glory, so He’s not talking about his visible
expression of light indicating His essence but His character, what He does.
That’s one of
the evidences of how glory is used in the Scripture to refer to the essence or
character of Christ. So, “We beheld His glory…” That really means that what
John is saying here is not that we saw the brightness of His glory at the Mount
of Transfiguration but every day in every way the essence of God was manifested
to us. We learned who God was because we hung out with Jesus every day. That’s
how we saw the glory of God. We saw His essence in Jesus so that’s the thrust
of the verse.
In John 1:18,
“No one has seen God at any time; the only begotten God who is in the bosom of
the Father; He has revealed Him.” Now 2 Corinthians 4:6 also states this, “For
God, who said, Light shall shine out of darkness, is the one who has shone in
our hearts to give the Light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face
of Christ.” This is talking about something God does internally in our
soul. Heart here is used as a synonym for the soul, referring to our immaterial
makeup. Here light is used to refer to revelation, the unveiling of truth. So
God is the one who reveals to us Jesus and that revelation of Jesus gives us
the knowledge of the glory or essence of God and it’s seen in the face of Jesus
in His humanity, in his incarnation.
Now this is
what is seen in the early creeds of the church. One of the foundational creeds
is the Nicene Creed, which was written in a church council called by the first
Christian emperor, Constantine, in 325 A.D. They met in a suburb of Constantinople or Byzantium,
now called Istanbul in Nice and they had representatives from all over the Roman
Empire. These bishops came together and the real issue was that they were to
hammer out was what’s the relationship of Jesus as the Son of God to the
Father. This had become a major divisive element within the early church.
Arius, I mentioned him earlier, was a presbyter down in Alexandria, Egypt and
he was teaching that there was a time when Christ was not. In other words, he
was saying Christ isn’t eternal.
Athanasius
comes along and he’s a theologian and leader of the church also in Alexandria
and he is taking a stand saying you can’t have Jesus as a creature. If Jesus is
a creature in any form, even if He’s given derivative deity, He can’t do what
Jesus needed to do on the Cross. Only God could die on the cross for our sins
as a man, so Athanasius is the great defender of what we now refer to as the
hypostatic union and the eternal deity of the Lord Jesus Christ. Like most
church arguments and most theological controversies, most people don’t know
diddly about what’s really going on. So you have about 90% of the people who go
to a conference don’t know anything. 3% are deceived on the wrong side and
maybe 3% know what’s going on and they are on the right side. Everybody else is
clueless. They just want to go for all the fellowship. It’s still that way
today. It doesn’t change.
Most people
don’t understand the intricacies of theological issues. Out of that it finally
became clear that Athanasius was right and there was no foundation for saying
Jesus was created and generated by God but that Jesus had to be eternal.
We have the
opening two paragraphs here of the Nicene Creed. The first paragraph relates to
the person of God the Father, “I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker
of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord
Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God…”
That is just a
reiteration of what Scripture says but what does it mean? Just because someone
comes along and says something, does it mean anything? We have politicians who say
all kinds of good things all the time but it’s just words, words, words. It’s
meaningless. What do they mean by these things?
So the Creed
defines what begotten mean.
“And in one
Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten /Son of God, begotten of the Father before
all worlds.” Begotten doesn’t mean made. That’s the key idea. Begotten has to
do with the relationship between the First and Second Persons of the Trinity.
It goes on to say referring to the Lord Jesus Christ, “God of God, Light of
Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance the
Father, by whom all things were made.” You can’t say He’s fully God more
clearly than that but in case you don’t get it it’s reiterates that He’s light
of light, which is what we were talking about as the glory of God, the
effulgence, the flashing forth of the character of God here in verse 3. This is
light from light. This is one of the bases for saying that.
Today we would
say, “True God of true God.” What’s here doesn’t communicate as well today. In
other words He’s full, undiminished deity. He’s begotten but not made. That’s
the definition of made. Begotten describes an eternal relationship. It doesn’t
mean that He’s made. It doesn’t mean he’s given birth to. It doesn’t mean to be
born. “Being of one substance with the Father.” This refers to the one essence
that both the Father and Son have. “By whom all things were made.” In the first
paragraph it called the Father “maker of heaven and earth”. Now Jesus is the
one by whom all things were made.
Now later on
Athanasius in one of his encyclical letters to the bishops of Egypt and Libya
says some other things are significant. He says, “Who does not see that the
brightness cannot be separated from the light?” He’s talking about this
effulgence or brightness of His glory. He’s saying you can’t separate the
brightness from the light source itself. These are inter-connected. One demands
the other. The brightness cannot be separated from the light. It is by nature
proper to it and co-existent with it.” So Jesus is the revelation of the
Father. He is proper to the Father, connected to the Father, and co-existent
with the Father. You can’t separate the expression from the original. That’s
his argument there.
He goes on to
say, “For where there is light, there is radiance and where there is radiance
there is also light. Thus we cannot have a light without radiance nor radiance
without light because both the light is in the radiance and the radiance is in
the light.” Now I want you to memorize that before you go home and I want you
to think about that because that is some really heavy stuff right there. That
is profound material to reflect upon that inner relationship between the light
and the radiance and the Father and the Son. That is extremely well said.
You just don’t
find anyone today thinking or writing as profoundly as those early church
fathers were. This is in A.D. 325. It was
in A.D. 317 that
Constantine set forth the edict of tolerance which meant that Christianity was
now legal. So most of the bishops that were there had suffered and had known
other bishops who had suffered martyrdom for their faith in their lifetime.
They’re only ten years away from Christianity being illegal. Listen to how
profound and complex their thoughts are on theology. They are thinking deeply
because if they were going to give their lives for this they wanted to make
sure it was true and make sure they really understood it. As one person once
said, “On a good day, I’m going to die for the book of Romans but I want to
make sure that I’m not dying for something that’s not really the Word of God.”
So they really thought these issues through at a profound level because they
were in the furnace of persecution for years over what they really believed.
Now what we’re
talking about here in terms of glory is what is usually referred to in modern
English as the Shekinah glory. Let’s just have a couple of points on
understanding this term, Shekinah Glory.
The Shekinah
Glory usually refers to the luminescent aspect of the glory of God in the
tabernacle or temple in the Old Testament. So, first of all, the commonly used
term is Shekinah glory, which we must break down into the two terms. Shekinah
and Glory. Shekinah comes from the Hebrew word shekan, which means to dwell, the verb. Shekinah is really a
rabbinic term that’s developed after the Old Testament was written. You don’t
find Shekinah in the Hebrew Old Testament. But you do find its root verb, shekan, meaning to dwell. Glory is from
the Hebrew word kavod, which means
something that is heavy, weighty, something that has seriousness to it,
something that is sobering.
So Shekinah has
to do with the dwelling presence of God and the glory is something in addition
to that, indicating something that is serious and weight that is present there.
The priests in the Old Testament designated the tent of the Holy of Holies, the
inner sanctum, as the tent of meeting, the mchikan.
Hebrew doesn’t have vowels in writing so you can hear the “ch” as one letter in
Hebrew. The k is the second letter;
the n is the third letter. Those are
the three consonants. That’s your root word. They stick an m in front of the word making it a noun so that’s the same root.
It’s the tent of dwelling so that’s the idea there. The term shekan came to be used for Yahweh’s presence or dwelling upon the
earth. [Exodus 25:21-22, Leviticus 26:11-12]. So the shekan, the dwelling presence is in the mchikan is in the tabernacle. It’s also related to the phrase
“house of God” which is a second term that’s used for the tabernacle.
Second point,
glory was a common Biblical word used to describe the theophany, that is the
manifestation of God’s presence upon the earth in the Old Testament [Exodus
16:10, Leviticus 9:23, Numbers 14:10, which are just a few references].
Passages such as Exodus 16:10, “It came about as Aaron spoke to the whole
congregation of the sons of Israel that they looked toward the wilderness and
behold, the glory of the Lord appeared in the cloud.” So they’re seeing this
physical manifestation of His presence on the earth. In Numbers 14:10 we read,
“But all the congregation said to stone them with stones. Then the glory of the
Lord appeared in the tent of meeting to all the sons of Israel.” The glory of
the Lord is His visible presence in the tabernacle. Again we have it in
Leviticus 9:23, “Moses and Aaron went into the tent of meeting. When they came
out and blessed the people, the glory of the Lord appeared to all the people.”
So it’s this brilliant light that is the manifestation of an internal reality
within the mchikan itself.
The third point
is that we see that God’s glory was associated with a pillar of cloud in the daytime
and the fire at night. This pillar is manifested on Mount Sinai where they see
that as God giving them the law or going to give them the law. It’s manifested
at the dedication of the tabernacle where it rested between the cherubim on the
cover of the Ark and you also see the Shekinah glory present when entering
Solomon’s temple. It also left later on in Ezekiel’s vision. It goes out the gate,
goes out the front of the temple, goes across the Kidron Valley up to the Mount
of Olive and ascends to heaven before the destruction of the temple in 586 B.C. and then when Jesus leaves, he takes the same route
and then ascends to heaven from the Mount of Olives. So there’s something
significant about that.
The fourth
point is that the Shekinah glory emphasizes the unique presence of God among
His covenant people, Israel. It’s His visible presence to confirm His blessing
and to provide guidance. So the omnipresent God is limiting Himself spatially
and temporal but He’s still eternal and infinite. I don’t know how that works; neither do you—and you won’t! Don’t try.
The fifth point
is that the Shekinah was not the shining or the glory in the crowd but it’s the
cause of it. It’s not that brilliant light; it’s the cause of the brilliant
light. That’s the dwelling place of God. The sixth point is that the Shekinah
represented the positional place of blessing the Jews had under the Abrahamic
Covenant, that God blessed them unconditionally because of that covenant and it
wasn’t due to their obedience or disobedience. Christ on the Mount of
Transfiguration manifests this same glory, Mark 9:3: “And His garments became
radiant and exceedingly white as no launderer on earth can whiten them.” I
don’t care if you use White Bright or Clorox. You can’t get them that white.
That’s the only time that brilliance is seen during the Incarnation.
Then in
Revelation 21:23 we read that in the future this is what will illuminate the
earth. “The city [the New Jerusalem] had no need of the sun or of the moon to
shine on it, for the glory of God has illumined it and its lamp is the Lamb.”
There will not be a sun or moon created or present in the new heavens and new earth.
So when Jesus says things like, “I am the light of the world” this ties in to
this whole doctrine of the brilliance of His essence. He is the brightness or
the effulgence of the expression of His glory, of the essence of God. Then we
read, “He is the express image…” This is the word character, which is where we get our word. It is an exact
representation or identical essence of His person. It doesn’t get any clearer
than that in terms of making a statement on the deity of Christ. So this is the
expression of Christ.
How do we know
Jesus is God? John 1:1, Colossians 1, and Hebrews 1 in the New Testament
passages. Old Testament passages are Isaiah 7:14, Isaiah 9:5, Micah 5:2. Six
passages you should have handy and be able to explain. Memorize those six verses.
These verses are going to come up when we have Christmas. You can memorize
those verses now and recite them when you’re talking to your friends and family
around the Christmas table. You’ll be all prepared to share the gospel.