Total Depravity. Romans 3:9-13
Romans 3:9 NASB
“What then? Are we better than they? Not at all; for we have already charged
that both Jews and Greeks are all under sin.” The Jews were in a privileged
position because God gave them an unconditional, irreversible covenant through
Abraham. God was going to bless them, give them the land, and then through them
He was going to reveal the Scriptures and they would be the custodians of the
Scriptures. There were many other ways the Jewish people were blessed by God
and they had information and revelation that was not available to the rest of
mankind. But through them it would become available to all mankind, which is
why God told Abraham: “Through you all nations will be blessed.” So though they
had a privileged position it wasn’t a position that gave them privilege in
terms of being justified, it did not make them more righteous.
Starting at
this point the apostle Paul began to go to various Scriptures in order to
emphasize his point that this is exactly the testimony of what the Torah is.
Romans 3:10 NASB “as it is written, ‘THERE IS NONE RIGHTEOUS,
NOT EVEN ONE; [11] THERE
IS
NONE WHO UNDERSTANDS, THERE IS NONE WHO SEEKS FOR GOD; [12] ALL HAVE TURNED ASIDE,
TOGETHER THEY HAVE BECOME USELESS; THERE IS NONE WHO DOES GOOD, THERE IS NOT
EVEN ONE.’” The
clause “there is none who seeks for God” is not an absolute stating that there
is no such thing as positive volition and that no one can seek God whatsoever.
The Scriptures clearly attest to the fact that man can seek God.
One question
comes up at this point, especially if there has been influence from Calvinistic
teaching. Remember the basic teachings of salvation in Calvinism are summarized
in the acronym TULIP. T = total
inability, which in high Calvinism means man can’t do anything. He can’t even
exercise positive volition; U = unconditional election. That means that God
chooses people without any condition. (Question: Just because a condition isn’t
expressed in Scripture doesn’t mean there is no condition. Condition can be the
fact that God chooses people on the basis of faith alone in Christ alone. In
His omniscience He always knows who that will be) In strict Calvinism this is
purely arbitrary; He just chooses some for heaven and the rest are passed over;
L = limited atonement. Since God only chose X number of people to be saved
Christ only died for those; the rest are just out of luck. I = irresistible
grace. This is taught as meaning that since under total inability you can’t do
anything to get saved, can’t exercise positive volition, and under
unconditional election you are part of the elect or you are not, that means
that those who are chosen can’t do anything to even express a desire to know
God, then God has to reach out and draw them to Himself—and they can’t resist
it; they will have to yield. That is called irresistible grace.
The main
text that people go to is John 6:44 NASB “No one can come to Me
unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up on the last
day.” This relates to seeking. The high Calvinist position is that you can’t
even seek unless God first is drawing you, and then that drawing is
irresistible. But in John 6:44 there is clearly a promise of assurance that if
you come to Christ He will raise you up at the last day. That is resurrection.
But what is this first statement, “unless the father draws him, no one can come
to Him”? How does the Father draw him? What the Calvinist people do is con
people because they just go to John
“ALL
HAVE TURNED ASIDE,” Romans 3:12. Who is it that has turned aside? This is a quote from Psalm
14, so it is the fool who says there is no God. This is just a poetic way of
talking about suppressing the truth in unrighteousness. They have together become unprofitable, useless. How did they become unprofitable? Because
they have rejected God. Paul’s conclusion, also from Psalm 14: “THERE
IS NONE WHO DOES GOOD, THERE IS NOT EVEN ONE.” This word for “good” is the Greek word chrestotes [xrhstothj]. There
are other words the Greek uses for “good” but this is a word that has already
been used by the apostle Paul and the previous use was in Romans 2:4. There
Paul talked about the attributes and the character of God. Remember the
ultimate reference point in Romans for anything is the character of God. Romans
2:4 NASB “Or do you think lightly of the riches of His kindness and
tolerance and patience, not knowing that the kindness of God leads you to
repentance?” Goodness there is chrestotes,
so chrestotes is an attribute of
God. We don’t normally conclude that in our list of the attributes of God.
God’s goodness sort of combines elements of His righteousness, His mercy and
His love into the concept of goodness. So none one does good. That doesn’t mean
we don’t do relative good. Jesus told His disciples: “You being evil know how
to give good gifts to your children.” That kind of goodness is only relative;
it doesn’t measure up to the qualitative intrinsic goodness of God. No human
being is able to perform at the level of the goodness of God.
From verse
12 we go into another chain of references that quote from different passages in
the Old Testament. When dealing with Old Testament quotations in the New
Testament the writers of Scripture are usually quoting from the Bible that had
the greatest use in the ancient world, the Septuagint [LXX], so when Paul quotes from the Old
Testament he is not using a Hebrew text. The reason that some of the quotations
are different from the Old Testament is because they are quoting from the LXX. That raises another question that people
have and that is if the LXX mistranslated the text of the original Hebrew, which is inspired?
Only the Hebrew was inspired by God but if it is a mistranslation it may not be
stating something false, it is just not accurately translating what was there
in the original. So God the Holy Spirit still uses it and incorporates those
verses under the process of inspiration into the New Testament. At that point
it becomes inspired and inerrant truth because God the Holy Spirit has given it
the stamp of approval. That is not to say He approves the translation but that
what is stated is accurate and without error.
Romans
Notice the
methodology. The first three verses are typical in a lament psalm: an address
to God and an appeal to God to listen. Psalm 5:1 NASB “Give ear to
my words, O LORD,
Consider my groaning [meditation]. [2] Heed the sound of my cry for help, my
King and my God, For to You I pray.” In other words, recognize my prayer. And
he recognizes he is not dictating to God, he is expressing his orientation to
God’s authority. He is appealing to God on the basis of the fact that He is
God, the King of Israel, and this is a statement of David’s allegiance to God.
[3] “Heed the sound of my cry for help, my King and my God, For to You I pray.”
This was a morning prayer. There were morning prayers and evening prayers at
the tabernacle.
Then
starting in verse four we have a focus on God and His attributes. Notice the
order and think about this in terms of your own prayer life. Focus on God. God
is in charge; I’m not. And there is an appeal to God to solve our problem. That
doesn’t mean that God is going to take the problem away. Sometimes the problem
stays but God fortifies us, He gives us the strength, the resources to handle
the problem. That comes from the focus of verses 4-7.
Psalm 5:4 NASB
“For You are not a God who takes pleasure in wickedness; No evil dwells with
You.” So in this section he is not only going to focus on God’s attributes but
he is also going to give a rationale, a sort of laying the foundation for a
rationale for his appeal to God to give him aid. Notice the synonyms he uses
here to describe sin: wickedness and evil. This is the point that Paul has been
making. If you have a righteous God He can’t have fellowship, any kind of
relationship with something that is evil. Evil is not defined in Scripture as
being as bad as we can be. The essence of evil in Scripture is not defined by
the specifics of what is done, it is defined in terms of rejecting the
authority of God. That is what makes evil evil. A lot of good things are done
in rebellion against God and God says they are evil.
Psalm 5:5 NASB
“The boastful shall not stand before Your eyes; You hate all who do iniquity.”
We have these words like love and hate for God in contexts like this; they are
not words that talk about emotion. These are idioms that are used to express
acceptance and rejection. God is not sitting up in heaven exercising personal
hatred for people. God is righteous; personal hatred doesn’t fit with
righteousness.
Psalm 5:6 NASB
“You destroy those who speak falsehood; The LORD abhors the man of bloodshed and deceit.”
So we have a whole series of sinful acts here that define the person who is
hostile to God. Ultimately in David’s thinking you are either submissive to
God—which comes under the category of being righteous—or you are hostile to God
and are wicked, boastful, evil, etc.
Psalm 5:7 NASB
“But as for me, by Your abundant lovingkindness I will enter Your house, At
Your holy temple I will bow in reverence for You.” He expresses his own
position. David is not saying he is coming into God’s house because he is
righteous. The word there for “temple” is the Hebrew word hekal which is
also used, for example, in 1 Samuel 1:9; 3:3 to refer to the house of God. It
is the tabernacle. Hekal is the word that is normally used for the
temple, but the temple is not built until Solomon and David writes this long
before the temple is built, so this is a reference to the tabernacle. We come
into God’s presence not on the basis of who and what we are—that is being
boastful, arrogant—we come into God’s presence because we know that there is
nothing we can do that is going to give us credit with God. So how do we get
the kind of righteousness that God can have a relationship with? This is what
Abraham did: Genesis 15:6. Abraham believed God and it was credited/imputed to
him as righteousness. How do we get the kind of righteousness we need to come
into God’s presence? By trusting in the promise of God to provide us salvation.
After Jesus came that is focused on Jesus Christ.
Psalm 5:8 NASB
“O LORD,
lead me in Your righteousness because of my foes; Make Your way straight before
me.” He is asking for God to deal with the situation, handle the circumstances
and lead him forward in the midst of the opposition that he faces.
Psalm 5:9 NASB
“There is nothing reliable in what they say; Their inward part is destruction
{itself.} Their throat is an open grave; They flatter with their tongue.” This
is the verse that is quoted by Paul. The verse focuses on the characteristic of
the unrighteous, the one who opposes David. The part that Paul quotes is just
the last part. The LXX translation: “Their throat is an open sepulcher; with their
tongues they have used deceit.” We can see that Romans 3:13 follows the LXX. The organ is the throat and what it
produces is the words, language, slander, malice, bitterness. It is much more
vivid to say their throat is an open grave than it is to say they speak lies.
What it produces is death, not life. In this first quote the focus is on sins
of the tongue. Not only does he say there is none righteous, etc., now he is
going to give specifics. He points out that everybody has committed sins of the
tongue.
“THE
POISON OF ASPS IS UNDER THEIR LIPS”. Paul expands on this in Psalm 140. Psalm 140:1 NASB “Rescue me, O
LORD, from evil men;
Preserve me from violent men [2] Who devise evil things in {their} hearts; They
continually stir up wars.” Notice the words used here to describe the
unrighteous: evil, violent, they plan evil things in their hearts. It is not
just a matter of overt sin; it is a matter of mental attitude sin. They are
violent, destructive. Psalm 140:3 NASB “They sharpen their tongues
as a serpent; Poison of a viper is under their lips. Selah.” Where is the first
place that we see “serpent” mentioned in Scripture? Genesis chapter three where
the serpent deceives Eve. So when David says they sharpen their tongues, that
means preparation. You sharpen an instrument of war to do damage. They are
going to be deceptive just as Satan was. The poison of vipers: what comes forth
is going to have the destructive death producing quality of an asp. The picture
that he is painting here is of the destructiveness of this language.