The Fall of the Anointed Cherub; Ezekiel 28
The basic claim of Satan in arrogance was that the creature could rule
things and run things as well as the creator could. In his arrogance he thought
that he could do it better than God. That is what he wanted his chance to do.
Somehow he managed to convince a third of the other angels to join him in this
rebellion. His arrogance first of all caused him to be completely oriented and
consumed with his own abilities, his powers. He was totally focused on all that
God had given him, he lost that perspective on the fact that all that he had,
all of his abilities, all of his gifts, all of his power, everything that he
had, came from God; it did not originate from within himself. So he was
completely self-absorbed and in that self-absorption it led him to a
self-deception, the key thought that he could do what God could do. This
indicates something about the extent of the knowledge and the power and
abilities that this creature had, that he had a vast amount of intelligence, a
vast amount of power, a vast talent and ability far beyond anything we can
possibly imagine. This is why he is so dangerous and why he is able to do so
much that he does. In his self-absorption and self-deception he then begins to
justify his own actions when God accused him, and so that is the outworking of
the angelic conflict, it is in relation to proving that he is completely wrong
in his assertions, that the creature can’t do what only the creator can
do.
Ezekiel chapter 28 gives us further insights into the dynamics of
Satan’s fall. This chapter in Ezekiel fits within a context,
it fits within the second major division of this prophetic book. In Ezekiel 25
through 32 there are consecutive divine judgments announced upon Gentile
nations. In the middle of that section there are three chapters which focus on
the destruction of Tyre. Tyre is located in
modern Lebanon. It was probably
founded not long after the Noahic flood. It is
mentioned as early in Scripture as Joshua 19:29 where it is referred to as the
fortress of Tyre. It was well defended. It is
mentioned in Egyptian, Assyrian and Greek records. It was one of the most
powerful city states in the ancient world; it rose to great prominence and
founded colonies all around the Mediterranean. They had a
merchant marine that was involved in taking goods throughout all
of the ancient world and you couldn’t trade internationally on the
waters without dealing with the merchants from Tyre. This led to
tremendous wealth in this city, the wealthiest of the ancient world. They would
rather get involved in commerce than fight. They weren’t known for military
power, they built a defensive fortification around Tyre so that they could
protect themselves from invasion but they preferred to pay tribute to other
empires rather than to get involved in fighting. But when it came to fighting
they did a tremendous job of protecting themselves. They were the first nation
to map out and navigate the Mediterranean and they
established colonies throughout this area. One of the most famous colonies was Carthage on the northern
coast of Africa.
Biblically they are important, especially in the time of David. During
the time of David Tyre and Israel entered into an
alliance that continued for about 200 years or so. This came about because
David was responsible for defeating the Philistines. The Philistines were a
major rival to the Phoenicians in the maritime trade, so once David defeated
the Philistines and the Philistines were no longer a factor, then Tyre had a monopoly on
maritime trade. With the increasing growth of the power of Israel under David
and then Solomon—the Solomonic kingdom controlled all
the land trade routes and the kingdom of Tyre controlled all of the sea
routes—no one could do commerce without paying tribute to them and without
cooperating with them. It was during an alliance with Hiram that Solomon
purchased the great cedars of Lebanon that were floated down the Mediterranean to Joppa and then
taken overland to Jerusalem for the building
of the temple. This was the first golden age of Tyre. Hiram’s dynasty
ruled Tyre until 887 BC when a usurper
by the name Ethbaal who was the high priest of Baal
seized the throne. He was the father of Jezebel and it was through his
influence and the power of Tyre through Ethbaal that the worship of Baal and the fertility
religions spread throughout all of that area of the Mediterranean and specifically
into Israel. When Jezebel
married Ahab she brought her priests of Baal with her into Israel and the northern
kingdom succumbed to the idolatry of Baalism and
fertility worship.
Tyre had two sections. There was a
mainland city and then there was an island about half a mile offshore. This
gave them a particularly unique way of defending themselves because they could
leave the land city and be protected by water as well as the walls of the
original city on the land, and they withstood a number of sieges.
Following the death of Jezebel and the ending of the house of Ahab the
political alliance between Israel and Tyre broke up. Tyre then became a
target of empirical assault from the various empires coming out of the Mesopotamian
area—the rise of the Assyrian empire and then the rise of the Babylonian
empire—but they were not able to defeat or conquer Tyre. It was left to
Alexander the Great to finally defeat them. What he did (and it fulfilled
prophecy) was to attack the old city and everybody had to flee across the water
to the island, so he decided to build a causeway out to the island. It
fulfilled the prophecy that Tyre would be laid bare
and only fishermen would dry their nets on the land. But Tyre did not disappear.
It is mentioned in the New Testament in Matthew 11:21; Acts 12:20.
One of the things that made Tyre so famous in the
ancient world was not only its commerce but what it produced. They were known
to produce textiles and dyes. They were able to produce a permanent dye that
would not fade or wash out. One of their most famous and expensive dyes was a
purple dye which was often used for royalty and the dyeing of royal robes
because of its value and because it was so difficult to produce.
As we look at this context, chapter 26 describes the destruction of the
city. Chapter 27 addresses a lament. A lament is like a funeral dirge that has
been composed. It is a prophetic dirge indicating the destruction of the city
of Tyre itself. Ezekiel 27:2 NASB
“And you, son of man, take up a lamentation over Tyre.” In chapter 28
there are two lamentations addressed to the leaders of Tyre. Ezekiel 28:1 NASB
“The word of the LORD came again to me, saying, [2] “Son of man, say to the leader of Tyre,
‘Thus says the Lord GOD, “Because your heart is lifted up And you have said, ‘I am a god, I sit
in the seat of gods In the heart of the seas’; Yet you are a man and not God,
Although you make your heart like the heart of God.” So what we see initially
is the indictment of the man who is referred to hear as the prince of Tyre. We have to
identify who that is. He is identified as the prince of Tyre and his core sin
is arrogance, it sounds very similar to that which is expressed by the creature
in Isaiah 14. He is a man and he is just as arrogant as the creature Lucifer.
The word that is translated “prince” here is the Hebrew nagid. The first ten verses
address this prince or leader, and then there is a shift in focus to this
individual referred to as the king of Tyre. This indicates
that two different creatures are addressed in this chapter, they are not the
same. But what we have in the first ten verses is a condemnation of the human
ruler of Tyre who at the time was Ethbaal III who ruled from 590-572 BC, roughly the same time as Nebuchadnezzar’s
invasion of Israel.
What we have starting in verse 11 is a lamentation addressed to the king
of Tyre, i.e. the power behind the
throne, the one who is really empowering the ruler. It is not unusual in
Scripture for God to address Satan through the creature he is influencing. We
see this in Genesis 3:14, 15 when God is addressing Satan as He addresses the
serpent. It is really Satan who is empowering the serpent. When Jesus was
informing the disciples about His crucifixion Peter began to rebuke Him. So
Jesus addresses Satan through Peter and says: “Get behind me Satan.” In this
particular passage the prince is described as a man and not a god and one who
is lifted up by pride, but he thinks that he is going to be a god. So there is
a parallel with the fall of Lucifer in Isaiah 14.
So the indictment focuses on the arrogance of the ruler. His original
sin was a mental attitude sin, what he says in his heart. In vv. 3-5 there are
rhetorical questions that are addressed to him to show that he is not as wise
as he thinks he is. “Behold, you are wiser than Daniel; There is no secret that
is a match for you.” The other verses down through verse ten announce judgment
on the prince of Tyre and then in verse
11 things are stepped up a little.
Verses 11-19 is the section that deals with the fall of Satan. Once of
the most interesting facets of this description of this creature, beginning in
v. 12, can’t quite fit the descriptions of a human being. They go far beyond a
human being. For example, he is described as “the seal of perfection, Full of
wisdom and perfect in beauty.” Nothing like that was ever said of Adam in the
garden or of any other human being. He is located in Eden the garden of God,
v. 13. When was there ever a human ruler that was in Eden? Furthermore, the
description that is given in v. 14, “the anointed cherub who covers” identifies
this ruler as a cherub.
Ezekiel 28:11 NASB “Again the word of the LORD came to me saying,
[12] ‘Son of man, take up
a lamentation over the king of Tyre and say to him,
‘Thus says the Lord GOD, “You had the seal of perfection, Full of wisdom and perfect in beauty.”
The word “seal” is the Hebrew word chattam which has the idea of something sealed, such as when
you would put wax on a document and put the impression of a signet ring on it,
and that would seal it; or if it was on an envelope or a scroll that would
close it. So it came to be something that was sealed up, that would not be
opened again. The word for perfection is the Hebrew word which indicates a plan
or a pattern. The idea here is that he is the ultimate in God’s creation, the
highest creature in every category. The glory of this creature is unsurpassed
by any other creature.
Ezek 28:13 NASB You were in Eden, the garden of God…” Some have thought
that this must be the Eden where Adam was in
the garden of Eden. But this is called Eden, the garden of God. But remember that
in Genesis we are told that the garden was planted eastward of Eden, and Eden is the location on
the earth of the habitation of God. It seems that the earth at that time was
very different from the earth that is described in Genesis 2 & 3. So there
was an original earth, a throne of God on that original earth, on the mountain of God (v.14), and it was
on this mountain that Lucifer and the other angels worshipped God, and Lucifer
in his pre-fall state was involved in this worship of God.
Who was involved in the Old Testament in leading in the worship of God? The priesthood. The highest of the Levitical priests was
Aaron. He wore a breastplate and on it were twelve stones, each one standing
for one of the tribes of Israel. If we looked at
this list of stones as a Jew in Ezekiel 28:13 we would see nine of the twelve
stones listed here. So we would associate that with being like what the high
priest wore. That is probably not an accident but an allusion to a priestly
role that the pre-fall Lucifer had among the angels. He was responsible for the
real worship of the angels and to present their worship to God. That seems to
be indicated by these various stones. “… Every precious stone was your
covering: The ruby, the topaz and the diamond; The
beryl, the onyx and the jasper; The lapis lazuli, the turquoise and the
emerald; And the gold, the workmanship of your settings and sockets, Was in
you. On the day that you were created They were
prepared.” The KJV translates the latter part of the verse: “the
workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was prepared in thee in the day
that thou wast created.” The Hebrew word toph
refers to a tamborine, also called a timbrel. a small, shallow, single-headed hand drum. The word
translated “pipes” is neqeb
which indicates a tube that had holes in it, something that air would pass
through. Because of the previous word toph it must be talking about some kind of musical
instrument here and it would be some sort of flute-like instrument. Therefore
the indication here is that he was involved in music. We know from Job 38 that
the angels sang. This all indicates this priestly kind of ministry.
Ezekiel 28:14 NASB “You were the anointed cherub who
covers, And I placed you {there.} You were on the holy mountain of God; You walked in the midst of the stones of fire.”
The Hebrew word for “anointed” mimshach which is related to the core or root of msh,
meshiach from
where we get the word Messiah. The word “covers” is from the Hebrew word which
means to cover, to hide something or to shield something, and it is used to
refer to the covering of the wings of the cherubim over the ark of the
covenant. So this is a very high role associated with the very throne of God,
the worship of God, the holiness and righteousness of God. Then the last
phrase: “You walked in the midst of the stones of fire.” Nobody
really knows that that means but these are apparently gemstones that reflected
light, and so it was light fire, and it fits the pictures we see of the
emeralds and the sapphires around the throne of God in Ezekiel chapter one and
Revelation chapter four. So again this is just a description of his closeness
to God Himself and his authority over the angels.
Ezekiel 28:15 NASB “You were blameless in your ways From the day you were created Until unrighteousness was
found in you.” This word for blameless isn’t the word for
righteousness or a typical word that we would have for moral perfection, but
when it is applied to God it always does refer to perfect righteousness. The
context determines whether it refers to someone who is simply upright, like
Job. He wasn’t perfect in the sense of flawless but the word also is related to
God, in which case it would mean moral perfection, flawlessness, or a synonym
for perfect righteousness. But in this context, notice, it is contrasted with
iniquity: “You were blameless …. Until unrighteousness was
found in you.” So the context clearly indicates that the
meaning of the word here must be flawless perfection.
Ezekiel 28:16, the analogy of trade and mercantilism
that was part of Tyre’s
culture. NASB “By the abundance of your trade …” What kind of trading
would Lucifer be doing? What is the point of the analogy? He was the one who
was bringing, as it were, the priests, the worship of the angels to God. And
what was happening was that God was getting all the glory and he wasn’t getting
any. So as he is involved in worship it becomes something that he is just
trading on, and so this metaphor is used. “… You were internally filled with
violence, And you sinned; Therefore I have cast you as
profane From the mountain of God.” How can that
apply to a human being? “And I have destroyed you, O covering cherub, From the midst of the stones of fire.”
Ezek 28:17 NASB “Your heart was lifted up because of your
beauty; You corrupted your wisdom by reason of your splendor. I cast you to the ground; I put you before kings,
That they may see you. [18] By the multitude of your
iniquities, In the unrighteousness of your trade You
profaned your sanctuaries. Therefore I have brought fire from the midst of you;
It has consumed you, And I have turned you to ashes on
the earth In the eyes of all who see you. [19] All who know you
among the peoples Are appalled at you; You have become
terrified And you will cease to be forever.”
So when we go through this passage we see that the same thing said of
the king of Tyre can’t be said of any human.
No human was in the garden of God, no human was cast
out of the mountain of God, no human could be called an anointed cherub who covered. No
human fits any of this. This must refer not to the literal king of Tyre but to the power
behind the throne.
A comparison of Lucifer with this king: The king is noted for his wisdom
but the serpent in Genesis 3:1 was the most subtle of all the creatures. Satan
is known for his deceit and his hostility to God as is the ruler of Tyre. Satan is the
deceiver as is the ruler of Tyre. He is an instigator
of evil, John 13:2, 27, as is the ruler of Tyre. Satan seeks to be
worshipped as God, as does the ruler of Tyre. He seeks to
overthrow God as does the ruler of Tyre. He appears as an
angel of light, as does the ruler of Tyre. The only creature
that fits, the only way we can make sense of the passage is if it refers to the
fall of Lucifer.
We see again that it is arrogance that is the core of all sin in the
universe. When we as human beings fall prey to arrogance we usurp God’s role in
our lives rather than humbling ourselves as Jesus Christ did to the point of
obedience. The application from this is that following in the path of arrogance
is following Satan, the originator of arrogance. This always leads to
self-destruction. It is only when we are willing to follow the leadership, the
pattern of the Lord Jesus Christ and humble ourselves by means of obedience to
His Word, even though it costs us everything, that what we gain is
everything—spiritual growth, rewards, privilege at the judgment seat of Christ.