Answering the Fool. Selected Proverbs: Proverbs 12:14; Proverbs 18:20-21
In the book of Proverbs the contrast is between the
wise and the fool, between the righteous and the wicked, between the person who
pursues spiritual truth and knowledge, and the person who is na•ve or open to
all of the ideas and values of the world system. The person who is the fool,
the person who is wicked, the person who lives according to the standards of
the world is following a path in life that the Scripture says appears to be
right but the end is death (Proverbs 14:12). It is the eternal compulsion to
follow the trends, the lust patterns of our sin nature. We think it sounds
good, it makes sense, it may be coherent, it is a rational philosophy; it fits
with how we feel, so we follow that.
Proverbs emphasizes again and again that we have
choices, volition—the human ability to decide to make responsible
decisions. But the key element so often emphasized by people who talk about
volition is free will. We have free will and we are so concerned about free
will. But the real issue in volition isnÕt our freedom; it is our
responsibility. Responsible decision making before God is the emphasis, and
when we follow GodÕs Word responsibly the end result is we internalize His and
we learn to apply it consistently and well, and that is what the Proverbs
describes as a person who is wise.
One of the characteristics of a wise person is how
they use their mouth. There is the positive use of our mouth—how we can
encourage one another, how we can speak wisdom to one another. There is a lot
the Scripture says on the positive use of our mouth.
Proverbs 18:20, 21 NASB
ÒWith the fruit of a manÕs mouth his stomach will be satisfied; He will be
satisfied {with} the product of his lips. Death and life are in the power of
the tongue, And those who love it will eat its fruit.Ó Not only do our words
impact other people but they have a reciprocal impact upon ourselves. So these
verses not only warn us about the impact that we have but that it can go in one
of two directions.
Now we look at the use of the tongue which leads more
towards life. This is the picture we see in the book of Proverbs. The emphasis
is on our production. This is often the meaning that we find in the imagery of
fruit in the Scripture. It is that which is produced as over time in our
spiritual life. So the tongue (what we say) is really a barometer of what goes
on inside of our soul. That is not a barometer for other people to use to
evaluate us. That falls under the category that Jesus prohibited: ÒJudge not
that you be not judged.Ó In that context it has the idea of a sort of
condemnatory, judgmental, self-righteous attitude toward other people. It is
not the idea that can be present in the same word of making a good, critical evaluation.
There are other passages that talk about evaluating situations. For example,
the character qualities required in a pastor, a deacon. That requires judgments
to be made in a positive sense. We are not to judge one another, but these are
given that we might self-evaluate under the ministry of God the Holy Spirit
through GodÕs Word.
Good speech, righteous speech, produces joy in not
only our soul but in the soul of others. Proverbs 15:20-23 is a section that
talks about joy. The word ÒgladÓ in verse 20 and ÒjoyÓ in verses 21 and 23 is
the same word in the Hebrew, simchah, which has the idea of happiness or joy that we have in our
soul.
Proverbs 15:20 NASB ÒA wise
son makes a father glad, But a foolish man despises his mother.Ó
Proverbs 15:21 NASB ÒFolly
is joy to him who lacks sense [Destitute of discernment], But a man of
understanding walks straight [Uprightly].Ó This is talking about having an
ephemeral joy on the part of the person who has his focus wrong, but it is just
a temporal thing in contrast to the true joy and happiness that comes to the
person who is applying the Word.
Proverbs 15:23 NASB ÒA man
has joy in an apt answer ÉÓ That is talking about the fact that when we give a
right answer to something it brings personal joy. Because we have passed the
test, we have said it right, we have done it right, that means we have a
background of knowledge and understanding of a situation or circumstance so
that we can say the right thing at the right time. This is what the verse is
emphasizing, and the result is that it brings joy to our own soul because we
have handled the situation correctly. The word translated ÒanswerÓ is a basic
Hebrew word anah
which has the idea of simply answering a question. But in many contexts it adds
something to it, it adds a meaning that emphasizes giving a true, biblically
wise answer to the question. In many contexts in Scripture it is talking about
being able to give wise biblical advice or counsel, or response to a situation
based upon the knowledge of GodÕs Word, the knowledge of doctrine in your soul.
So it isnÕt as simple as the English word which simply involves giving a
response. ÒAnd how delightful is a timely word!Ó
In Proverbs this noun occurs six times
and in each case it has to do with giving the wise response to a
situation—biblical truth in terms of an answer. It is used that way also
in the book of Job. As JobÕs three friends talked to him and gave him wrong
answers to his dilemma the text in Job 32:3, 5 states that they did not find an
answer. They donÕt know the solution to his question, why am I suffering? They
donÕt find because they are operating on human viewpoint; they donÕt find a
biblically correct answer.
The emphasis is on knowing what to say.
That assumes that there has been time spent studying the Word, internalizing
the Word, developing wisdom in the soul so that when the time comes you are
prepared to give the right and appropriate advice and to articulate that.
There is another way that the word
ÒanswerÓ is used in the book of Proverbs and one that brings out some
contemporary application. It seems as we go to these two verses that the Word
is used in something of a contradictory manner—Proverbs 26:4, 5. This one
of those little sections people may read and say it doesnÕt make sense and is
one of those places where the Bible seems to contradict itself. This is part of
the reason why Proverbs is written in the way it is. The proverbs are not
designed to be just read through very quickly but for us to stop and think
about what is being said and to reflect upon what the writer is trying to
communicate.
Remember that in the process of writing
a proverb what the writer is doing is taking a universal principle and then
linguistically reducing it to a very short memorable phrase or poetry so that
he can get the point across. There is a lot involved in writing a proverb
correctly and it implies that the person is going to read it, but also to think
about what is being said, how it is being said, and what the emphasis is.
Proverbs 26:4 NASB ÒDo not
answer a fool according to his folly, Or you will also be like him.Ó Then
versed 5 seems to contradict that and says, ÒAnswer a fool as his folly
{deserves,} That he not be wise in his own eyes.Ó This is a well-known
rhetorical device and it is designed by the contrast between two things to
bring out certain points.
The first verse is stating (except with
the negative) the same verbiage as verse 5. But here it is emphasizing the fact
that there are a lot of foolish question assume silliness that can be asked and
they are simply designed to distract the teacher, the wise person—to get
him off track and go in a completely wrong direction. We are told here that
there are questions that the fool will ask that are not valid questions and are
not worthy of being answered.
That is an important thing to learn in
life. If you are in a witnessing situation there may be somebody there who is a
little antagonistic or hostile and they may ask questions that donÕt need to be
answered. You donÕt want to validate the question—like being asked if you
are still beating your wife. However you answer that you may get yourself in
trouble. Questions set agendas, and there are some questions you donÕt want to
answer because you donÕt want to validate the agenda behind it. Not every
question that people ask is worthy of being answered. There is a rabbinical
proverb related to this, that a fool can ask more than ten wise men can answer.
DonÕt answer the questions; they are
just going to get you distracted. ÒDo not answer a fool according to his
folly,Ó according to his foolish presuppositions. It wonÕt take the
conversation anywhere and you will have walked into his trap and you are going
to end up being just like him.
In contrast the next verse says,
ÒAnswer a fool as his folly {deserves,}[according to his folly] ÉÓ What could
that mean? This means that there are some things that the fool is going to say
and what we need to do is answer them in a way that exposes the foolishness of
his position. So we have to have wisdom as to when we do that but we are also
enjoined to do that. This is not unlike the use of the term ÒanswerÓ—at
least in English—with the concept in 1 Peter 3:15-17.
This has to do with the concept known
in theology as apologetics—a verbal defense of a position, a proposition
or a belief.
1 Peter 3:15-17 NASB Òbut
sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always {being} ready to make a defense
to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet
with gentleness and reverence; and keep a good conscience so that in the thing
in which you are slandered, those who revile your good behavior in Christ will
be put to shame. For it is better, if God should will it so, that you suffer
for doing what is right rather than for doing what is wrong.Ó
We need to be able to express our
convictions in a lot of different ways and a lot of different environments
today. Part of this is in terms of witnessing. So if anyone asks Òfor the hope
that is ion youÓ we are to respond Òwith gentleness and reverence,Ó not in
arrogance, not in anger, not in reaction. Having a good conscience means that
we donÕt violate our own norms and standards, our own values, our own absolutes
as we express the truth of the gospel.
We are the ones who are slandered. We live
in a world that calls right wrong and wrong right to day, and so we are
identified as the source of evil. We are the ones who hate everybody. When we
say that certain immoral activities are wrong then we are guilty of Òhate
speech.Ó This is going to increase in the coming decade and so we need to
ensure that our behavior is as correct as possible so that when they defame us
as evil doers and those who revile our good conduct may be ashamed. Then Peter
says that it is better to suffer for doing good than for doing what is wrong.
There are different ways that we can
express an answer to the fool according to his folly. There are many different
approaches this kind of an answer but that we find in Scripture as well is a reductio ad
absurdum argument. This is a Latin term to describe a certain form of logic
that means to reduce something to the absurd. Example: If somebody makes a
statement and you say, ÒOkay, well letÕs assume that is true. And if we assume
that that is true letÕs see what all of the implications are from the truth of
that statement. Then you start carrying all of these things out to their
logical conclusion and often you can point out that the result of that would be
that if their belief was applied consistently this would end up in a completely
ridiculous, unlivable situation. That is often a good tool when we are having a
conversation (not an argument) with an unbeliever.
Jesus used a reductio ad absurdum argument several
times, and one we can look at is in Matthew 12:25-27 NASB ÒAnd knowing their thoughts Jesus said to them, ÔAny kingdom
divided against itself is laid waste; and any city or house divided against
itself will not stand. If Satan casts out Satan, he is divided against himself; how
then will his kingdom stand? If I by Beelzebul cast out demons, by whom do your sons cast
{them} out? For this reason they will be your judges.ÕÓ
This is really the climax of His
confrontation with the hostility of the Sadducees and the Pharisees. They have
reached a point where the religious leaders of the Jews are saying, well Jesus
has this reputation of being a healer, casting out demons, the people are
following Him, we have to answer His claim. So they think they have an answer
and they say He is doing it in the power of Satan. They have accused Jesus of
really being an emissary of Satan and that it is by the power of Satan that He
is performing His miracles.
Jesus gives a principle and then He
applies it to what they are saying. If Satan casts out Satan he is divided
against himself. Satan would be fighting himself and the result of that would
be that his kingdom would collapse. That is an absurdity, so this is a
fallacious argument. We could put it this way: if Satan was divided against
himself then his kingdom would be ruined.
Also there is a more subtle way that He
uses a reductio
ad absurdum argument in that the Pharisees were also practicing exorcism.
Jesus did not practice exorcism. Exorcism is from the Greek verb exorkizo and it is never used of
anything Jesus or the apostles did. They are said to have cast out
demons—ekballo. Only
religious practitioners, magicians and sorcerers were said to have practiced exorkizo. The Pharisees had a form of
exorcism which they practiced and if they were successful then it is possible
that they, too, might be driving out demons by Satan. So they themselves must
also reject that accusation as absurd. What Jesus is pointing out is not only
the absurdity of their logic but that their logic could be applied to what they
are doing, and that would also indicate that they could be performing exorcisms
in the power of Satan, showing that they werenÕt following God either. JesusÕ
arguments are so simple and yet they are so sophisticated that He usually is
able to undercut His opponent in several different ways.
An example of this that we see today
that we can learn something from is in relation to what has recently occurred
in California. The governor signed AB1266 into law, which will allow for
transgender students to choose whether they want to play boys or girls sports,
whether they want to choose to use the boys or girls locker room or the boys or
girls rest room. The foundation for this is the idea that sexual identity is
not physically based in an objective realm, it is determined by a personÕs own
view of themselves. So there are some problems with this.
An article was originally posted on and
American Vision web site. It was from a blog written by an English author by
the name of Rob Slane. It is a great example of how we can use a reductio ad
adsurdum argument.
An open letter to the governor of California on gender
Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Brown,
(Abridged)
É. My aim in writing to you is not
really to question the law you have signed, as such, but rather the thinking
which has driven it: transgenderism. I suppose that if one were to accept this
as an unquestionable fact, then the decision you have taken would be a logical
consequence, although of course you could have tackled Òthe problemÓ equally
well by building transgender restrooms everywhere instead of imposing
transgenderism on everyone else. However, I guess you will have ruled this out
on the grounds that if the size of CaliforniaÕs debt grows any larger, you
might have to ask Microsoft to design software capable of handling sums that
big. It is the issue behind the law – the supposed fact of transgenderism
– that I really want to question you on.
Let me start by asking you a simple
question. Are you a man or are you a woman? No this isnÕt a trick question. Nor
is it designed to be a particularly difficult one either. I am guessing, from
all that I have read of you, that you would describe yourself as what we call
Òa man.Ó Good so far, but this leads me on to a second question: How can you be
sure you are Òa manÓ?
Now I guess that you are fairly sure
that you are indeed Òa man,Ó but IÕm intrigued to know how you arrived at this
conclusion. Is being a man an objective status which can be established through
the existence of a ÒYÓ chromosome and also through certain physical
characteristics? Or is it a subjective thing that depends on the feelings of a
person and can change with time?
What of the claims that it is an
objective status. I have five children, three boys and two girls, with a sixth
child due next year. With our first child, the moment he was born the midwife
said, ÒItÕs a boy.Ó Now without going into too many details, it appeared to us
that she had a very good reason for coming to this conclusion, and when my wife
and I saw the thing which she based her deduction on, I have to say it didnÕt
occur to us to dispute the issue.
The midwife at the birth of our second
child came to the opposite conclusion. ÒItÕs a girl,Ó she said, and her
deduction also seemed to be based on just one observation – something
that again my wife and I decided not to query. And so it has been with every
child since. Each time the midwife at the birth has declared authoritatively on
the sex of the child, as if there were some kind of measurable and physical
sign that put the issue beyond all reasonable doubt, and each time my wife and
I have unquestioningly accepted what they have said, having viewed the evidence
for ourselves.
Let me ask you: do you think those
midwives were wrong to make their authoritative declarations? Do you think they
were propagating a falsehood by using an objective observation to declare the
sex of the children? Do you think my wife and I should quibble with the midwife
at the birth of our next child, asking indignantly, Òbut how can you be sure?Ó
Now letÕs examine the other possibility
– that oneÕs sex is subjective and down to the feelings of each individual.
Quite apart from the fact that we seem to be the first people in the entire
span of human history to have discovered this possibility – which will
either lead you to believe that our ancestors were all ignorant and stupid, or
you might come to a somewhat different conclusion – there are a number of
other issues which I would be glad if you could come back to me with answers.
Firstly, if gender is subjective rather
than objective, how do I know that I can trust my feelings to tell me which sex
I really am? Have you ever had an opinion that you have held strongly only
later to find out that you were wrong? Wrong objectively, that is! Have you
ever been misled by your feelings? Undoubtedly you have, which ought to tell
you that subjective measurements of issues such as this are not likely to be as
reliable as you might think.
Secondly, if gender is not an objective
status, how on earth do you personally know what gender you are? You think
youÕre a man? How do you arrive at this conclusion? If it is by some kind of
objective, measurable test, then you must rule out the possibility of
trandgenderism, because sex is fixed. On the other hand, if it is by some kind
of subjective feelings a person has, then you must rule out ever truly knowing
what sex you really are. You might be a woman trapped in a manÕs body, but
supressing the truth about yourselfÉ.
É. Jerry, this is a bit of a mess,
isnÕt it? This is what the Bible calls ÒconfusionÓ and IÕd say that you have
just stirred up the pot of confusion just a little bit more. You are old enough
to remember days when life really was much simpler. Men were men. Women were
women. And girls could go to the restroom without having to fear that there
might be predatory males masquerading as females in their midstÉ.
He makes his point very well and it is
a great use of the reductio ad absurdum argument. He is answering a fool according to
his folly. He is not letting him get away with assumptions that he has made,
and he is showing that these assumptions lead to completely distorted and
absurd situations.
The last thing we look at in terms of
the positive view of the mouth is the sweetness of our lips, as expressed in
Proverbs 16:22.
Proverbs 16:21 states the
opening part: ÒThe wise in heart will be called understanding ÉÓ The idea of
someone who has understanding. He is able to perceive and regard, and get to
the heart of the matter and make wise decisions. ÒÉ And sweetness of speech
increases persuasiveness [learning].Ó That is a positive thing. It is not being
critical, derogatory or sarcastic; it is talking in terms of that which
enhances appetite. It is like using honey in order to create a desire for
something sweet. This is a focus in much of Proverbs. Winsome teaching is then
related to the idea of a well of life in verse 22.
Proverbs 16:22 NASB ÒUnderstanding
is a fountain of life [wellspring of life] to one who has it ÉÓ This concept of
a fountain of life is often used in Proverbs. Proverbs 10:11 says, ÒThe mouth
of the righteous is a fountain of life, But the mouth of the wicked conceals
violence.Ó In Proverbs 13:14 we read, ÒThe teaching of the wise is a fountain
of life, To turn aside from the snares of death.Ó Notice the contrast between
life and death. Then finally in Proverbs 14:27, ÒThe fear of the LORD is
a fountain of life, That one may avoid the snares of death.Ó
As Christians we have a
fountain of life. That begins with the gospel. This is what Jesus is speaking
of in John 4:14 with the woman at the well. He said, Òbut whoever drinks of the
water that I will give him ÉÓ He is speaking of the gospel and whoever accepts
Christ as savior. ÒÉ shall never thirst; but the water that I will give him
will become in him a well of water springing up to eternal life.Ó The gospel is
the good news of Jesus Christ. It is the sweetest message that we can ever give
somebody. It is good news because there is nothing we have to do to gain it, it
is simply by grace through faith, believing Christ died for us.