Straight Talk About
Talking Straight. Proverbs 4:20-27
In this section
there are 13 imperatival forms in the Hebrew, which basically means that we
have 13 action items, things to apply in terms of our thinking and the actions
in our life. This last section in the chapter is the warning against swerving
from the right road. Again the emphasis is on paying attention, which means
more than just the physical act of listening. It means taking what is taught by the father and implementing it in the life of
the son.
Proverbs
4:20 NASB ÒMy son, give attention to my words; Incline your ear
to my sayings.Ó This is parallel to some of the other openings that we have.
For example, in 4:1 the command is ÒHear, O sonsÓ; verse 10: again, ÒHearÓ; 5:1, ÒMy son, give attention to my wisdom, Incline your
ear to my understanding.Ó So each of these opening verses reinforce the
importance of hearing. A book in the New Testament that is often compared to
Proverbs is the epistle of James, which emphasizes the importance of hearing:
we are to be Òquick to hear.Ó We are to study the Word, take in the Word and
are to implement it into our lives. This hearting is not just listening but
assimilating it into our life and doing that which is taught in the lessons
from Scripture. ÒGive attentionÓ is the Hebrew word qashab, which means to attend, to
listen. It is almost a perfect synonym for the word for hearing. His words are
viewed as words from God because he is communicating the Word of God. He is not
just giving his opinion but is expressing the teaching that comes from the
Torah, the Word of God in the Old Testament. This is in the hiphil stem, the
causative stem in the Hebrew, and it has the idea of: Òcause yourself to
listen, to pay attention.Ó It is addressed as an imperative to the volition of
the individual.
It is your
decision to pay attention or not. It is your decision to arrange your time
schedule to that you can be in church on Sunday, to be in Bible class to be
able to listen to lessons from the Internet on a regular basis so that our
minds are continuously being filled with the teaching of the Word of God and
are being reminded of GodÕs grace and faithfulness and all that He has provided
for us; and we are reminded of how we should walk by means of God the Holy
Spirit. This is important. It is so easy for the pressures of life, the details
of life and the message of the world to take over because we are just bombarded
with it over and over again every day. So it is important to take that time,
and we have to manage our time in such a way that that which has eternal
significance predominates in our life.
In the
synonymous parallelism of the second line the writer uses the Hebrew word natah
which means to stretch out. It has the idea of yearning for something,
to desire it, making it a priority. The hiphil stem again is causative so it
has the sense of a command to cause yourself to
stretch out and reach out to gain the teaching the Word of God. So Òextend your
ear to my saying.Ó
Then there is a
negative command in the next verse. Proverbs 4:21 NASB ÒDo not let
them depart from your sight ÉÓ This emphasizes the same principle from the
opposite vantage point. So we see a progression from to listen, to stretch
forth the ear, and then not letting it depart from the eyes. The verb here is a
hiphil again. It is not an imperative but it has that imperatival force; it is
called the jussive. In Hebrew there is a first person type command, which is
ÒLet us do something.Ó And there is a third person type command, which is
translated ÒLet them do something.Ó We donÕt have those forms in English and so
the first person is referred to as a cohortative and the third person is
referred to as a jussive. But these are imperatival forms without being an
imperatival mood. Paul prays in Ephesians Òthat the eyes of your understanding
might be enlightened.Ó The term ÒeyesÓ as a figure of speech is often used to
emphasize the enlightenment of our mind or our thinking. So the father is
saying, ÒDonÕt forget these things, donÕt let them depart from your eye. You
have learned, it has entered into your mind; donÕt let it depart. DonÕt forget
these things. It emphasizes the fact that learning the Word of God demands a
constant seeking, a constant study. DonÕt forget, keep
studying, keep these things before you.
Then the
command in the second line is to ÒKeep them in the midst of your heart.Ó Here
we have the Hebrew word shamar, meaning to keep watch over something, to preserve it. It is
often used for the responsibility of guards on guard duty. So we are to watch over
the Word of God as it has entered into our heart, to observe it, to maintain
it, and to apply it. We see in other verses another form of this word. It is
used in the opening command in Genesis chapter two as God has created Adam and
places him in the garden. He tells him to watch over the garden or to guard it.
It is the same idea. It is to protect, to preserve something. So we are to keep
the word in the midst of our heart. The word ÒheartÓ here is a term for our
inner life, the immaterial part of man. It primarily has the idea of the mind,
but sometime it can refer to the emotion and sometimes it just refers to that
inner life of the human being, the spiritual life. The very core of our life is
the thinking in our souls, sol we are to guard and protect it and make sure
that is the dominant feature in our life.
Then in the
next verse we are given a motivation as to why we should do this. Proverbs 4:22
NASB ÒFor they are life to those who find them And health
to all their body.Ó The word ÒForÓ introduces an explanation. Why should we
emphasize the Word and pay attention to it and not let it depart from our eyes?
They are life to those who find them. These words from the Word of God are the
words of life. They give us life; they teach us how to live. In the Bible there
are various kinds of life that are mentioned and so we always have to
distinguish what is meant by life, just as we do when we run across the word
Òdeath.Ó There are different kinds of death as well.
The first kind
of life is biological life, physical life. This is in contrast to physical
death. Second, it is used figuratively of someone who has departed. They are
gone and not expected to return, and their return is as if they have come to
life. It is used this way in Luke 15:24 when the father of the prodigal son
rejoices in the sonÕs return and says, ÒThis son of mine was dead and has come
to life again.Ó Third, it is used for our spiritual life as opposed to being
spiritually dead. Scripture teaches that all of us were born dead in our
trespasses and sins. We are physically alive but spiritually dead. There is no
relationship with God, we are under the condemnation of sin because of AdamÕs
original sin, and so apart from some change we are destined for eternal
condemnation. But the Bible says that God has provided a solution for that,
which is in Jesus Christ. When we trust in Jesus Christ we get a new life. This
is referred to in such passages as Ephesians 2:5: Òeven when we were dead in
our transgressions, [God] made us alive together with Christ.Ó This is what we
refer to as regeneration or being born again. It is a life that cannot be lost,
a life that is eternal, and so it is also referred to as eternal life or
everlasting life, as in John 3:16. But the term ÒlifeÓ has a fuller meaning
that is not limited to life without end or the quantity of new life that comes
at the instant of faith in Christ, but it is a fullness of life, a richness of
life, a capacity for life that goes beyond anything that we could have or
appreciate when we were spiritually dead. This is what Jesus referred to in
John 10:10 NASB Ò É I came that they may have life [eternal], and
have {it} abundantly [quality of the life]Ó – eternal life can have two
dimensions.
As a believer
we have eternal life, life without end, but as we grow in the grace and the
knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ we develop a capacity for life, a richness and a fullness of life, which is what this is
speaking about. This is how the writer of Proverbs often uses the word Òlife.Ó
When we take in the Word of God and assimilate it and make it a part of our
thinking then it is life to those who find it.
And it is
Òhealth to all their body.Ó It is a fullness of life to us and we are able to
experience the riches and the blessings that God has given us no matter what
our circumstances may be. Too often we think that circumstances somehow define
our life, and in some ways they do, but our circumstances are not the source of
our happiness or our fulfillment. We can have great happiness despite the fact
that maybe there is occasion for sorrow in our life. We can have great
happiness and stability even though we live in chaotic and uncertain
circumstances; we can have a life of peace, tranquility and contentment even
though everything around us seems to be falling apart. That is part of the
gospel, the good news related to our salvation. We have the same kind of
happiness that we can share with God because of our walk with Him. But that
comes as a result of our day-to-day study of GodÕs Word, taking it in,
assimilating it into our life and thinking, so that our constant responses to
the circumstances of life are based upon GodÕs Word.
ÒLife to those
who find it and health to all their bodyÓ is a reminder of 1 Timothy 4:8 NASB
Òfor bodily discipline is only of little profit ÉÓ It doesnÕt say it is not
important. Relatively speaking while physical discipline has a role but it is
not as important, not as significant as the spiritual life. ÒÉ but godliness [eusebeia]
is profitable for all things ÉÓ Sometimes eusebeia
is translated piety, sometimes godliness, words that are a little bit vague and
ambiguous for a lot of people today. In old English the ÔlyÕ indicated a comparative,
and so it would be ÒGod-likeness.Ó If we think about godliness as being
God-likeness then it is developing that character that is built in us that is
spoken of in Romans 8:30 as being conformed to the image of Christ. It is our
spiritual life. When we read that word ÒgodlinessÓ just think of as growing to
spiritual maturity, that is the significance of that word.
So the
important things that we focus on in this life—like our work, taking care
of our families, education—have profit that is of only temporary value.
One day we are going to be taken to be with the Lord and none of these things
are going to go with us. The only thing that goes with us when we transfer from
this life to heaven is the maturity that we develop in this life on the basis of
our walk with the Lord by means of God the Holy Spirit. So Paul says, Òbut
godliness is profitable for all things, since it holds promise for the present
life and {also} for the {life} to come.Ó Study of the Word and spiritual growth
is profitable not only for today but for eternity as well.
Proverbs 4:23 NASB
ÒWatch over your heart with all diligence ÉÓ This is a good verse to memorize
to remind ourselves that we are to keep or guard our hearts, the inner part of
our life, our spiritual life, our thinking. This is the word natsar. The
word for ÒdiligenceÓ is a noun form based on the word shamar—mishmar. The writer using these synonyms
and parallel words really emphasizes, puts in bold face, what he is saying. So
this comes to mean with all effort, all of our focus and concentration. So we
are to guard our hearts so that nothing we learn from the Word of God escapes,
is not forgotten, and that we continue to build into our soul the spiritual
resources that we need in order to go forward, grow and mature in the spiritual
life. Ò É For from it {flow} the springs of life.Ó Some translations translate
it Òthe issues of lifeÓ; others Òthe sources of life.Ó All we have in the
Hebrew is Òout of it comes forth life.Ó In other words, everything that we do
has its origin in our thinking, in our mental attitude, in our focus. Our
priorities, our activities, our values, etc. all come out of our soul—the
thinking in our soul, our belief system. This is why we are to watch it
diligently, because once we begin to let human viewpoint and the worldÕs
thinking infiltrate our value system, our priorities, our attention, then it
begins to erode this fortification that we build in our soul through the study
of GodÕs Word that protects us from all of the dangers and problems of life.
This word mishmar is a
word that also emphasizes personal discipline and the importance of paying
attention to every aspect of oneÕs life and action. It is used in Psalm 39:1 NASB
ÒI said, ÒI will guard my ways ÉÓ It is used in Proverbs 13:3 of guarding the
lips—which is where the next verse takes us. We begin with keeping a
guard on the thought systems of our mind, watching over what we think about,
watching over our value systems and everything going on inside of our soul.
Then it works itself out in terms of our mouth.
Proverbs 4:24 NASB
ÒPut away [remove] from you a deceitful mouth And put devious speech far from
you.Ó So we have a warning about what we say, a warning against the sins of the
tongue. The sins of the tongue involve a whole range of different things, from
lying to slandering other people, gossip. Not only are we to change the inner
life, the inner thinking, but this is also going to impact what we do with our
physical body and controlling of our mouth and other actions—specifically
in this passage the mouth and the eye.
One writer has
said: ÒSuperficial habits of talk react on the mind so that cynical chatter,
fashionable grumbles, flippancy, half-truths barely meant in the first place,
harden into well established habits of thought.Ó We have to guard what come out
of our mouth.
Òdeceitful mouthÓ is literally a crooked mouth. This refers
to a mouth that distorts the truth, dissembles it, so that it is not exactly
accurate. We are to put that away completely from us. ÒAnd put devious speech
far from youÓ or, ÒPut away perverse lips.Ó These are lips that are saying the
opposite of something. That is the idea of the word Òperverse.Ó
There is a lot
that is said in the book of Proverbs about the sins of the tongue and being
watchful over oneÕs mouth. For example, Proverbs 8:13 NASB ÒThe fear of the LORD is to hate evil; Pride and
arrogance and the evil way And the perverted mouth, I
hate.Ó In Proverbs 10 there are several proverbs that are related to the mouth.
Proverbs 10:6 NASB ÒBlessings are on the head of the righteous, But the mouth of the wicked conceals violence.Ó In contrast
to the mouth of the wicked, the mouth of the righteous. In verses 31, 32: ÒThe
mouth of the righteous flows with wisdom, But the perverted tongue will be cut
out. The lips of the righteous bring forth what is acceptable, But the mouth of
the wicked what is perverted.Ó The mouth is a source of good as well as a
source of evil. If we let our mind dwell on that which is based on human
viewpoint, if we let our mind be dominated by the sin nature, then that which
comes out of the mouth is that which is destructive, that which is deceptive,
and that which is perverse. But if we let our mind dwell upon the Word of God,
upon truth, and think within a divine viewpoint framework, then that which comes forth from the mouth is wisdom and that
which is acceptable.
Another
important proverb is in Proverbs 18:6, 7 NASB ÒA foolÕs lips bring
strife [enter into contention], And his mouth calls
for blows [quick to violence]. A foolÕs mouth is his ruin, And
his lips are the snare of his soul.Ó The same emphasis is
picked up by James.
James 3:1 NASB
ÒLet not many {of you} become teachers, my brethren, knowing that as such we
will incur a stricter judgment.Ó Those who teach are usually very verbal and so
it is easy for them to slip beyond teaching to opining too readily on things
and become accountable for that. Then James goes from teaching to the broader
universal principle of controlling the tongue. [2] ÒFor we all stumble in many {ways.} If anyone does
not stumble in what he says, he is a perfect man, able to bridle the whole body
as well.Ó In other words, if you donÕt commit sins of the tongue then you are a
spiritually mature person. If you have discipline and self-mastery over your
mouth then you can master other areas of life, because the most difficult area
in life to master is the mouth.
Then he gives an
example of how a small thing like the tongue can control and influence large
things. The first illustration: [3] ÒNow if we put the bits into the horsesÕ mouths so
that they will obey us, we direct their entire body as well.Ó As pressure is
exerted on a small piece of metal in the mouth of a horse you can direct that
horse to go one way or another and control it. The illustration is that
something small exerts an influence far beyond its size to something much
larger and more significant. A shipÕs rudder is not very large but it is able
to turn a large vessel upon the water. In the same way a tongue can have a
great influence far beyond its size. Then the third illustration is that of a
fire. [5] Ò É See how great a forest is set aflame by such a small fire! [6]
And the tongue is a fire, the {very} world of iniquity; the tongue is set among
our members as that which defiles the entire body, and sets on fire the course
of {our} life, and is set on fire by hell.Ó What comes out of the mouth causes
you to get out of fellowship, and so now the whole life is out of fellowship
and you are walking according to the sin nature. James uses very dramatic
language here to describe the destructive nature the tongue as it follows the
sins initiated by the arrogance whose destiny of the lake of fire. [7] ÒFor
every species of beasts and birds, of reptiles and creatures of the sea, is
tamed and has been tamed by the human race. [8] But no one can tame the tongue; {it is} a restless
evil {and} full of deadly poison. [9] With it we bless {our} Lord and Father, and with it we
curse men, who have been made in the likeness of God.Ó
So with the
mouth we can do good things. We can teach the Word and say wonderful things and
bless things, but at the same time if we yield to our sin nature and get out of
fellowship we can destroy reputations and cause great conflicts.
We now move
from controlling the mouth to controlling the eyes: what we are paying
attention to, what we are focusing on, what we are allowing to come into our
soul and dominate our soul. Proverbs 4:25 NASB ÒLet your eyes look
directly ahead ÉÓ He is assuming the son is on the straight path that he has
been commanding him to follow in the previous sections. The idea is to follow
the right path. Ò É And let your gaze be fixed straight in front of you.Ó This is
the Hebrew word nabat
used as an imperatival force to set your eyes on something, letting your eyes
perceive, focus and be influenced by something, letting your eyes look straight
ahead, focusing on the right road ahead and not deviating from the right path.
ÒÉAnd let your gaze be fixed straight in front of you.Ó Literally it reads:
ÒLet your eyelids be straight before you.Ó The imperative her is to maintain
the right course for your foot. He is moving from the heart in verse 23 to the
mouth in verse 24, to the eyes in verse 25, to the path of the feet in verses
26, 27.
The eyes are
the source of much danger because it is with the eyes that we see things that
influence us; we read things that influence us, and in 1 John 2:16 we are told,
Òall that is in the world: the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes and the
pride of life.Ó It is through the eyes that we see things that tempt us,
influence us to go off the path and to seek happiness and stability somewhere
other than on the basis of GodÕs Word. Eyes are the source of sexual lust. 2
Peter 2:14 NASB Òhaving eyes full of adultery that never cease from
sin, enticing unstable souls ÉÓ
Proverbs 4:26 NASB
ÒWatch the path of your feet And all your ways will be
established.Ó ÒWatchÓ is from the Hebrew word which
has the idea of literally digging through something, and it is used
figuratively to refer to investigating something, studying it deeply. Studying
it profoundly, to investigate, learn examine the path
of your feet, staying upon the right path. As a result, letting all of your
ways be established. The word for being established indicates that something
establishes them, and this is the Lord who establishes our ways. Proverbs 16:3 NASB
ÒCommit your works to the LORD And your plans [thoughts] will be established.Ó They
will be given a solid foundation. [9] ÒThe mind of man plans his way, But the LORD directs [establishes] his steps.Ó
So we commit our way to the Lord and the Lord is the one who establishes our
way.
Proverbs 4:27 NASB
ÒDo not turn to the right nor to the left; Turn your foot from evil.Ó Keep your
steps forward, focusing on the way of wisdom and the path of righteousness.
Here he uses two different verbs that have been used previously: natah, for
stretching out (v. 20), and this is the same idea; removing the foot from evil
is the idea of turning aside, the same word used in terms Òput away from you
the sinful mouth.Ó
Again and again
in the Proverbs we see it is your decision as to what kind of life you want to
have. Your life is determined by the decisions that you make. Our lives are the
accumulation of the results of those decisions that we make every day. Are we
going to decide to stay on the right path? Are we going to get off the path and
wander into the wrong direction? It is our decision. The challenge is that we
have to develop a mental focus and a mental concentration to keep our eyes on
the right path, to not get distracted and to not deviate. We need to keep the
Word of God the number one priority in our life.