The Day of the Lord, Matthew 24:29-31

 

Open your Bibles with me to Matthew chapter 24, and specifically today were going to look at two verses we looked at last time, but embedded in those verses is a an allusion to a really interesting set of circumstances, most frequently associated with what the Bible refers to as the day of the Lord. This passage doesn't use the term "the day of the Lord", so someone may ask: Why are we talking about the day of the Lord? Well, when we look at verse 29 we see that it talks about the circumstances passages in the Old Testament use to talk about the day of the Lord. Also, it's important theologically in the interpretation of this passage. Even among futurists, that is, those who interpret Matthew 24 and 25 in terms of future events, those who interpret the Scriptures literally, that these things will specifically and literally take place in the future, and that literal interpretation basically means to interpret Scripture in light of the normal use of language, even among those who are dispensationalists and are consistent traditional dispensational us in their understanding of Scripture, there are differences of interpretation on different elements of this section.

 

Basically, when we look at Matthew 24 we can divide it into two sections. First section is verses one through 31, which nearly everybody agrees has to do with the Tribulation period. Now there may be differences in how they understand and break down verses four through eight and nine through 14, but everyone agrees that once you get to 15 you're talking about the midpoint of the Tribulation, and there's a description there of what happens up to its culmination in the Second Coming. The coming of the Son of Man that's described in verses 29 to 31 is the Second Coming.

 

Then there is a break that occurs in verse 32. There is the parable of the fig tree in verses 32 to 35, and then there's a statement in verse 36. Now pay attention to this. This is sort of a preview of coming attractions to understand what is coming up.

 

We need to step back a minute and just review what the Bible says about the day of the Lord. This is really germane to some of the distinctions that are made, or different interpretations that are made by some people you may have heard. I don't know. "But of that day and hour no one knows". As I read in Isaiah 2 this morning, several times Isaiah says "of that day," which is usually a reference to the day of the Lord. But the day of the Lord needs to be specifically stated within the context. That's one thing that I think it is important.

 

There are those such as Dr. Robert Thomas, who spoke here on hermeneutics several years ago at the Chafer Conference and is a brilliant man, takes an unusual view connecting this to 1 Thessalonians chapter 5 and argues that when it says, "but of that day and hour no one knows", it is talking about the day of the Lord. Well, if that's talking about the day of the Lord, then it's talking about, as he concludes, that whole seven-year period of the Tribulation.

 

But is the day of the Lord to be understood to be the referent here? I think not. I've been working my way through this because for years I have heard a minority of Pre-trib dispensationalists who take verses 36 down through 44 as talking about the Rapture. And I am bound and determined to get to the bottom of these arguments: what this distinction is and why a minority of dispensationalists take that view.

 

Of those who take that view that when you have two men in the field, one taken and the other left, that the one taken is taken in the Rapture and the one left is left to go through the Tribulation, there is another group that comes along and says that since the church is now introduced into Matthew 24, into the Olivet discourse, these parables of the faithful and evil servant at the end of chapter 24, of the wise and foolish virgins at the beginning of chapter 25, and of the parable of the talents, are all talking about Christians at the judgment seat of Christ. That has become a dominant view through many who are associated with the Grace Evangelical society. So if you get their letter you will notice that they really have taught that a lot. I don't think they're right. I think they are violating some serious hermeneutical rules, not to mention the context of Matthew.

 

But it's also predicated upon this view, as I said they are influenced by the Dr. Thomas's view, that "of that day and hour" refers to the day of the Lord. What is interesting is that Thomas does not believe the raptures in this passage, so they've taken it a step further. But that's really important, there is a lot of confusion over this and if you've read any of their writings you will see that. So we have to understand that.

 

I have addressed the day of the Lord in more much more detail and some other some of the lessons in Revelation specifically 2:18,19, 2:22 as well as some other places.

 

I want to address three questions: What is the connection in Matthew 24:29-31 with the day of the Lord. How do we establish that? And secondly, we need to address the question, what is the day of the Lord? Third, what is learned from these key passages?

 

First question. What's the connection? Matthew 24:29-31, not with the previous context but with the day of the Lord. Let's read them.

 

Matthew 24:29, 30 NASB ÒBut immediately after the tribulation of those days THE SUN WILL BE DARKENED, AND THE MOON WILL NOT GIVE ITS LIGHT, AND THE STARS WILL FALL from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. And then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the SON OF MAN COMING ON THE CLOUDS OF THE SKY with power and great glory."

 

We see that the end of verse 30 is clearly talking about Jesus coming to take His kingdom. We see that title for Jesus, "Son of Man". That comes out of Daniel chapter seven where the Son of Man comes before the Ancient of Days [God the Father] to receive kingdom, and then He will come to the earth and will establish His kingdom. This happens at the end of Daniel's seventieth week, which we refer to as the Tribulation. This tells us we are talking about the Second Coming, not the Rapture.   

 

We're talking about the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven at the Second Coming. There is a progression here. We see verse 29 says, "Immediately after the tribulation of those days". We have seen that in this previous section there is an reference to the fact that there will be of great tribulation or great adversity. I do not believe that the technical term for the second half, it's just that we go from one level of adversity in the first half to a ramped up increased level of adversity in the second half. The second half of the tribulation is the worst stage in all of human history, and several places including Daniel chapter 12 and Matthew 24:21 say that there will be great adversity.

 

I like using that word adversity because it's not really using this as a technical term. We we've adopted that as the title for Daniel's 70th week, but Daniel's 70th week or the time of Jacob's wrath are actually better scriptural titles for that. We have tribulation or adversity all through our lives but this will be the most intense, such as has "not been since the beginning of the world until this time, nor shall ever be", verse 21.

 

Immediately after that that tells us is that in the final, final days of the of Daniel's 70th week something will happen. There will be specific cosmic disturbances, astronomical disturbances in the heavens and on the earth, and the sun will be darkened. That means the sun will go black, the moon will not give its light. Well, the moon reflects the sun so if the sun's dark, the moon going to be dark. The stars will fall from heaven. I don't think this is metaphor. I think this is talking about some sort of the meteor shower or something of that nature. The stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. We will see in other places that the earth is shaken. There are a number of earthquakes, massive worldwide shaking, that takes place during the Tribulation. Not like any earthquake we've ever experienced before. So there's the intensified stage of Daniel's 70th week of this great Tribulation at the end of the seven years, then immediately after that there's these disturbances in the heavens and on the earth. Then [progression] the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven.

 

Then following the sign of the Son of Man in heaven, once they see him, the tribes of the earth will mourn. That very likely should be translated, "The tribes of the land". It is specifically referring to the 12 tribes of Israel; they will mourn. Zechariah 12: "they will see him whom they pierced, and they will mourn when they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory".

 

So this key phrase is that the sun will be darkened, the moon will not give its light. Now this is parallel to several other passages in Scripture, but we have to be careful not to conflate them, not to confuse them.

 

The first thing we should do is look at the parallel passages in the other Gospels to see what they say. Mark records it this way. Remember, Mark is the amanuensis or secretary. He's taking the dictation from Peter and he writes, "But in those days after the tribulation." So this comes at the very end. I think that's important; I'm pounding this. This is at the end, not the beginning. That's really at that the core of interpreting what comes up later. "In those days, after that tribulation, the sun will be dark and the moon will not give its light." Luke says, "and there will be signs in the sun and the moon and the stars, and on the earth distress of nations, with perplexity, the seas and waves É" What you think the oceans are going to do? Massive waves and storms and all these things are going to accompany this.

 

This darkness that comes upon the earth is going to then be pierced by this incredibly brilliant light as the Son of Man pierces that darkness and enters into human history. It is beyond anything that that we can imagine, but He comes just in time to save man, I believe, from total self-destruction.

 

This event is going to be preceded by several things. First of all the seal judgments that are outlined in Matthew 24:4-7, and are also covered in Revelation chapter 6. That's important because, as will see coming up in Revelation chapter 6 there are going to be some cosmic disturbances. There is going to be a partial darkening of the sun and the moon, but that's not a total darkening of the sun, the moon. So you can confuse the two, and you'll often find readers who do that.

 

Second, this is preceded by the abomination of desolation in Matthew 24:15. Third, it's the most intense period of the Tribulation, which is the period of the final bowl judgments of the last half. And then immediately after that the sun is darkened and the moon will not give its light.

 

Now if you're thinking you've already related this to the passage in Joel, one we will come back to. Joel 2:31 is talking about the day of the Lord, that the sun will be turned into darkness and the moon into blood, before the coming of that great and awesome day of the Lord". So this is something that is connected with it and immediately precedes the day of the Lord.

 

Now look at that verse. You have did these astronomical signs, these cosmic disturbances—sun turned to darkness, moon to blood. It happens before the great and awesome day of the Lord. Now the day of the Lord is usually described as a term that refers to the entire period of Daniel's 70th week, but in some passages like Joel 2:31 and 3:15 it has a very narrow focus, doesn't it. This sun being turned to darkness and moon into blood, before the coming of the great and awesome day of the Lord, is a specific time that right at the end of the Tribulation. It is not talking about five years later or six years earlier. It is talking about right at the end, just prior to the Lord returning. That's when these cosmological disturbances take place. That means that this term "great and awesome day of the Lord" is referring to Jesus Christ when He pierces that darkness, enters into human history, rescues Israel,

and establishes judgments on the earth. That idea of divine judgment is the core idea in day of the Lord passages, as we will see. So this takes place at the end of the seven years of the Tribulation, right here at the very end.

 

So we look at this question, what's the connection of Matthew 24:29-31 with the day of the Lord? It's describing the same things, the same kind of cosmological disturbances that Isaiah, Joel and others describe. Now we need to address the question what exactly is the day the Lord? What does that mean? I'm going to combine the two. The third question is, what are the main passages? We will look at those as we come to understand what the day of the Lord means.

 

First of all, the phrase day of the Lord occurs in 19 Old Testament verses in reference to a special time of divine judgment. Everybody agrees with that. It's the eschatological, that is, the future judgments where there's going to be some disagreement. You also have in addition to that one phrase the day of the Lord some synonymous phrases that refer to that same event. Sometimes you'll have one verse that says, "then comes the great day of the Lord", and then two or three verses say, "in that day", and a few verses later "in that day", so they're all taking you back to a specific reference in the passage. It specifically identifies it as the day of the Lord.

 

In addition to this specific phrase you have that day, the day, the great day of the Lord, in Zephaniah 1:14, the day of God is used in second Peter 3:12 and Revelation 16:14. Those are all talking about that same event.

 

The second point in terms of just understanding what it is, the day of the Lord is a term that has a general meeting related to a special time of divine judgment in history. So it could be something that happened in the past. For example, a judgment of God on the northern kingdom of Israel is described as the day of the Lord. It is not necessarily restricted to a future event. When Joel describes this plague of locusts that comes into Israel and destroys all of the crops, that's the day of the Lord. But it is also used as a type or a picture of a future army that will come into Israel and completely devastate and destroy the people. It has a general meaning of God's judgment in history, but it's primarily used for that future climactic time when Satan is judged, the enemies of God are judged, and the Lord Jesus Christ establishes His kingdom on the earth.

 

Third, the day of the Lord refers to God's special interventions into the course of world events to judge His enemies, to accomplish his purpose for history and thereby demonstrate who He is, the sovereign God of the universe.

 

We will probably look at the Isaiah 2:10-22, but also in Ezekiel 13 and several verses in Ezekiel chapter 30; and the emphasis in the day of the Lord is God will judge sin and evil.

 

He has done it sometimes in history, and he will do it in the future in a final judgment that occurs with what we refer to as battle campaign of Armageddon when the Lord Jesus Christ returns.

 

That is focusing on that future day of the Lord, that this will be a time of universal judgment on the arrogant human race, which has opposed God and His people Israel. Isaiah 2:11-12 really emphasizes this: "The haughty will be brought low". God is going to bring the enemies of Israel down; He is going to bring judgment upon them. Also, Isaiah 34:2 and Obadiah 15. Those are some of the key passages will see that are part of understanding the day of the Lord.

 

There are key passages for understanding the day of the Lord and here are seen in a chronological order. The earliest reference is Obadiah 15, then we have Joel 2:12 and following. That's written about the same time as Obadiah. It could be a century later, we can't be dogmatic on when Joel was written. Joel 3:1-2 also is important. Then Isaiah wrote about 100 years later in 720 BC, in 2:10-22.

 

Isaiah 13:1-10 is talking about God's judgment of Babylon, and many people and many scholars will take Isaiah 13 to refer to the historical defeat of Babylon. The problem with that is that in the Isaiah 13 passage it says that that Babylon will be completely wiped out militarily—the city walls knocked down, the city destroyed and not rebuilt. That didn't happen and has never happened in history. When the Medes and the Persians came in they dammed up the river and the river and came in under the walls. They basically captured the city without firing a shot, you might say. And so you don't have this massive destruction, and it continued to be a very populated city for centuries after that. So Babylon and hasn't had this final judgment yet; that's described here as a day of the Lord. So that relates to the end times.

 

Isaiah 34:1-8 is another key passage we will reference. Then Amos. Amos can be dated because of an earthquake that occurs and Dr. Steve Austin has pinpointed the exact year of that earthquake in 752. Then Zechariah is the only postexilic, that is, after the exile. After they return around 520 BC, in Zechariah 14:1-9 talks about the day of the Lord. I'm not going to go through each and every one of these passages, I just want to summarize a few of the things that we learn here.

 

Obadiah 15-17. Remember, Obadiah is the first of the minor prophets to emphasize the day of the Lord. "For the day of the Lord upon all the nations is near É" That's not talking about an event that occurred historically because it is focused on all the nations. "É as you have done, it shall be done to you. Your dealings will return on your own head. Because just as you drank on My holy mountain, All the nations will drink continually. They will drink and swallow and become as if they had never existed. But on Mount Zion there will be those who escape, and it will be holy. And the house of Jacob will possess their possessions."

 

Now if you work backward you see this is talking about an end times event when Israel is restored to the land. That's clearly verse 17, so that tells us that these events of 15 and 16 might immediately preceding that. So we look at Obadiah 15-18 we see that this describes the judgment on all of the nations and the restoration of all Israel. It points to the end of the Tribulation. Not specific, but when we look at that it is immediately prior to the deliverance of Israel and the establishment of the kingdom. Verse 17 would suggest this is right at the end. So here we have a day of the Lord reference that's not covering the whole of Daniel's 70th week, but just that end event. It describes the judgment on all the nations, restoration of Israel, and second, the day of the Lord ends with the establishment of the kingdom, and that's in Obadiah 21. That is important for factoring in certain things.

 

Now other verses that are important are Joel 2:11 and 31.

 

Joel 2:11 NASB "The LORD utters His voice before His army; Surely His camp is very great, For strong is he who carries out His word. The day of the LORD is indeed great and very awesome, and who can endure it?"—using those two terms again that he will use in verse 31, "great and awesome who can endure it?". In other words, it implies it's never happened before. Daniel specifically states it, and Matthew 2:21 specifically states that.

 

Joel 2:31 NASB ÒThe sun will be turned into darkness And the moon into blood Before the great and awesome day of the LORD comes". So from Joel we learn that there's a special usage that puts the cosmic changes at the end of the Tribulation, calling the period immediately around the arrival of the Messiah as "the great and awesome", or in some translations "he great and terrible day of the Lord".

 

We are reminded that the day of the Lord doctrine is a reminder that sin and evil will not go unpunished. Look at what happens in courts here and around the world. People who commit horrible crimes get off. People who committed atrocities in the Holocaust were never brought to account for their crimes, for the murders. It never happened. It looks like people get off. But God is just and righteous and there will be a pay day someday. And what we see in human history is God will intervene and destroy the earth dwellers, those who are evil and have rejected Him in the Tribulation period.

 

We learn from the passages on the day of the Lord that it will be a time of unimaginable terror panic beyond anything you can imagine in the souls of men, such as they flee before God and hide in the caves of the earth for protection.

 

Now I read that in Isaiah chapter 2 this morning and want to go back and just highlight a couple of those verses. They run and they hide. Now Isaiah doesn't quite give us enough information to pinpoint this. It sounds, and I often related to the sixth seal judgment described in Revelation chapter 6:14, but it might even be something that occurs at the end of the Tribulation period. It sounds like it could be both. It says in verse 19 NASB "{Men} will go into caves of the rocks And into holes of the ground Before the terror of the LORD And the splendor of His majesty, When He arises to make the earth tremble".

 

You have that same kind of scenario in the sixth seal judgment described in Revelation 6:14 and following. There is this asteroid shower that covers the whole earth, and it says that the Kings and the military leaders of the earth go into the caves and they shake their fists at God and at Jesus—at the Lord in His Messiah. Why? Because they're angry with God and no amount of convincing will change them. They suppress the truth in unrighteousness. They rejected God and they hate God, nothing will change their mind. So it's a horrible time and they do not respond to the judgment of God.

 

The Isaiah 2:10-12 passage, as well as verse 19, seems to correlate with the sixth seal judgment. But there are additional cosmic disturbances, asteroid showers and earthquakes, and this could fit that scenario that come later and come immediately before the return of Jesus. Since there is no specific relationship here in chapter 2 of Isaiah, no specific time pointer there, it could be at the very end; we just can't say for sure.

 

Thus, there appears to be several distinct times in that end time scenario in Daniel's 70th week when there will be the signs in the heavens. That is important because I pointed out when we did to the blood moon and distractions special a couple of years ago, before all of that nonsense started in reference to John Hagees book and some others, is that that people have a tendency to come in and just take all these passages and blend them together. They just take out their food processor and put all that in there and blend it all up as if it's all talking about the same thing, when it's clearly talking about different and distinct events.

 

So Isaiah 2:10-20 may correlate with the six seal where there will be a great earthquake, the sun will be darkened, and the moon turned to blood. But that's not the one that comes at the end of the Tribulation, that's one that comes at the end of the sixth seal judgment, which is about a year and 1/2 into the seven years, about halfway through the first half of the Tribulation period. This is also accompanied at that time by stars falling from heaven and the sky splitting apart like a scroll. Revelation 6:12 says, NASB "I looked when He broke the sixth seal, and there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth {made} of hair, and the whole moon became like blood; [13] and the stars of the sky fell to the earth, as a fig tree casts its unripe figs when shaken by a great wind. [14] The sky was split apart like a scroll when it is rolled up, and every mountain and island were moved out of their places."

 

Now that's at the end of the six seal judgment. The seventh seal judgment opens and reveals seven more judgments that are trumpet judgments, and then the seventh trumpet judgment reveals seven bowl judgments. So this sixth seal judgment cannot be confused with what happens at the end, with the seventh bowl judgments; this is early on in the tribulation.

 

The Isaiah 34:4 reference is something very similar NASB "And all the host of heaven will wear away, And the sky will be rolled up like a scroll; All their hosts will also wither away As a leaf withers from the vine, Or as {one} withers from the fig tree".

 

It is very similar terminology and may be just generally describing some of these events, or it could be specifically connected to that sixth seal judgment.

 

Isaiah 34:5 NASB "For My sword is satiated in heaven, Behold it shall descend for judgment upon Edom And upon the people whom I have devoted to destruction." So this is a pronouncement of a judgment on Edom.

 

Incidentally, when I look at Isaiah and Obadiah 15, the first 14 verses in Obadiah are announcing this judgment on Eden: that none will be left; they're annihilated.

 

Edom figures heavily in this. Edom is over there in modern Jordan where Petra and Bozrah are located. This is mentioned in this passage. Isaiah 34:6 NASB "The sword of the LORD is filled with blood, It is sated with fat, with the blood of lambs and goats, With the fat of the kidneys of rams. For the LORD has a sacrifice in Bozrah And a great slaughter in the land of Edom." That is locating the day of the Lord more specifically and tightly, right at the end of the Tribulation. I'm not saying it never would include the whole period, but in these passages it is limiting its meaning to those events immediately surrounding the Second Coming of Christ.   

 

But Revelation 6 isn't the only place mentioning these cosmic disturbances. The fourth trumpet judgment describes such phenomena. You'll have liberals and people don't take the text literally and they'll try to conflate all these and say it is just talking about the same thing in different words, in different events, and just kind of put them all in the in the food processor and mix them up together.

 

Revelation 8:12 NASB "The fourth angel sounded, and a third of the sun and a third of the moon and a third of the stars were struck, so that a third of them would be darkened and the day would not shine for a third of it, and the night in the same way." That's not all the sun and not all of the moon; it is just one third. So you can't confuse this with the description in Matthew chapter 24:29.

 

Isaiah 13 focuses on the future destruction of Babylon and describes similar astro-geophysical phenomena. But this seems closer to the events of Revelation 17 and 18, the final destruction of Babylon just prior to the final campaign of Armageddon. That again would locate day of the Lord specifically to the final part of the Tribulation.

 

Isaiah 13:10 NASB "For the stars of heaven and their constellations Will not flash forth their light; The sun will be dark when it rises And the moon will not shed its light".

 

This indicates that this complete darkening comes at the end of the Tribulation, which is what we have seen and these other passages in Joel 2:31; Matthew 24:29. Isaiah 13:8 compares this to the labor pains that precede birth. We see that this beginning of the labor pains, according to Matthew 24, is the first half, but then it intensifies during the second half. The first is the birth of the kingdom.

 

So what do we learn from these passages? Why is this important? First of all, chronologically we have to put these passages together. You can have a one-shot 20-minute message on this is going to leave everybody asking a lot of questions. Or we can take time to try to synthesize all these details. We have to do it to understand what Jesus is saying. He clearly talks chronologically with these terms, like "immediately" and then this and then that, so we have to understand that.

 

This complete darkening comes at the end of the Tribulation. And in these Old Testament passages, in several of them, they identified that as the day of the Lord. It's right at the end of the Tribulation; it is not at the beginning. The reason I say that is if (and I don't think it's true) Dr. Thomas is correct in verse 36, "that of that day and hour no one knows", it's got to be talking about the end of the Tribulation and not the beginning. There is no way you can get the Rapture into that. There are a lot more reasons but just looking at it from this perspective on that particular point, this doesn't fit.

 

Just a reference to these passages in Joel 3:15, 16 NASB "The sun and moon grow dark And the stars lose their brightness. The LORD roars from Zion And utters His voice from Jerusalem, And the heavens and the earth tremble. But the LORD is a refuge for His people And a stronghold to the sons of Israel."

 

So it is very clear what is going on here. God is rescuing Israel just at the end time there.

 

Joel 3:17 NASB "Then you will know that I am the LORD your God, Dwelling in Zion, My holy mountain. So Jerusalem will be holy, And strangers will pass through it no more." Undocumented workers maybe? No, foreigners. That's what it means, those who don't have a right to be there.

 

So the second thing that we learn is that God will eventually judge all sin and evil. God is just; nobody's going to get away with anything. They may think they do; other people may think they do, but God plays the long game, not the short game.

 

 

Zephaniah 1:14, 15 NASB "Near is the great day of the LORD, Near and coming very quickly; Listen, the day of the LORD! In it the warrior cries out bitterly. A day of wrath is that day, A day of trouble and distress, A day of destruction and desolation, A day of darkness and gloom, A day of clouds and thick darkness É [17] I will bring distress on men So that they will walk like the blind, Because they have sinned against the LORD; And their blood will be poured out like dust And their flesh like dung."

 

The third thing we should learn is that the end times will be horrific and just take us to the edge of total human self-destruction.

 

The fourth point is we learn is that only the miraculous intervention of Christ saves us. But it's not an eschatological salvation, future salvation. The same is true for us personally. Our lives can be headed to up on a path of complete and total self-destruction because of rebelliousness against God. It can be a rebelliousness because we rejected God and we rejected the gospel, or it can be as a believer because we turned our back on the God who saved us, and we are living our lives totally in rebellion and autonomy from God. But the solution is the same in both cases. The only thing that delivers us is the intervention of Christ. We at salvation because he died for our sins and we trust in him in history. He will save the human race from their from their own self-destructive plans and He will save Israel and rescue them from the Antichrist and from Satan. He will at the last minute rescue them and establish His kingdom which will last for a thousand years on the earth and then go into stage II for eternity

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