Aggressive
Removal of Paganism – Judges 8:1-24
Judges 8, we continue our study in the book of Judges which is the
story of how the nation Israel succumbed to the pressures of human viewpoint and
cosmic thinking as expressed in the paganism of the Canaanites that surrounded
them and because of their compromise in the conquest had failed to remove from
the land as God had ordered. So that
means that in this book as we have been studying we are seeing principles on
how a nation succumbs to paganism. And
the same way that a nation succumbs to paganism people succumbs to
paganism. A nation is nothing more than
a collection of individuals. As goes
the individual so goes the nation; as goes the believer so goes the
nation. And what happens in any culture
that succumbs to paganism and when the believers are not holding forth with
doctrine, are not positive to doctrine, and are absorbing into their thinking the
human viewpoint concepts of the world around them, then the Church, the
believers in that society, in that culture, no longer function as salt and
light which is the preservative and illuminating factors of the remnant in the
surrounding culture. The more we
succumb to human viewpoint the more our impact is diluted and neutralized on
the culture around us, and it all starts with our own thinking and our own
willingness to evaluate and to challenge human viewpoint wherever we find it
and whenever we find it.
What we see as we make our transition from Judges 7 to Judges 8 is
what happens in this nation of Israel because of paganism, and we see how
Gideon is going to challenge the compromise with paganism in this next
chapter. Now we have to go back and get
the overview because in Judges 6 and 7 we have focused primarily on
Gideon. We have looked at the cause of
the discipline that continued in Israel at the beginning of Judges 6 and the
discipline through the military conquest of the Midianites and the Amalekites,
the fact that Israel was under their control for six years and God’s
deliverance through Gideon. We focused
on Gideon’s need to become oriented to grace and oriented to doctrine and we
saw the results of that in Judges 7 last time in how Gideon, with 300 men was
used by God to defeat the army of 135,000 Midianites and Amalekites.
And the principle that we saw was that it is God’s solution that
is the only solution, and not man’s solution, that when God called forth Gideon
and gave him his job back at the beginning of the chapter He said there were
too many, that Gideon had issued a call to several of the northern tribes and
had gotten a response of about 32,000 to his call; 32,000 against 135,000
Midianites, but God said well, you’ve got way too many men, and so what we need
to do is get rid of the cowards, so anybody that was afraid was told to go
home. That left them with about 10,000
men and God said that’s too many so we’re going to have a second test to see
who’s really focused on priorities here, who’s really ready to go to battle, so
the second test involved how they handled drinking water when they went through
the springs, and those that bent down or laid down to get their fill of water
were sent home; those that kept their focus, watching the horizon for enemy
troops and just lapped the water up with their hands were left, so Gideon was
left with 300 men.
Then Gideon was given a unique assignment in terms of his tactic
for taking the Midianite army. They
were to surround the Midianites, each of the 300 Jewish soldiers were given a
lantern or torch that was covered in a clay pot and then they were given a
trumpet. They were told that on the
signal, at the change of the watch of the Midianite army, they were to break
the pot so that their torch would shine forth and at the same time blast on the
trumpet. Notice one thing was missing
from those instructions; they were not to charge, they were simply to break the
earthen ware pot and blast on the trumpet and at that time, with the changing
of the guard happening at that same time in the camp of the Midianites, you had
the guards that had been on duty coming in, returning to camp, coming into the
camp; you had the other guards going out and taking their new post, so they’re
just waking up and groggy, and as soon as the Israelites broke the clay pots
and blasted on the trumpet, those that were still asleep woke up, saw men
coming into the camp, assuming they were the enemy, God brought confusion into
the camp and the Midianites began to kill one another in the confusion, and then
all their camels got excited, it was just a tremendous rout and they went into
full retreat. Notice that the
Israelites never were instructed to charge and they did not charge and did not
attack until the enemy was in full flight.
At the conclusion of the last chapter we saw that Gideon, as the
Midianite army was in full retreat, Gideon sent messengers down into the hill
country of Ephraim, calling them out to do battle and to guard the fords on the
Jordan River to prevent the Midianite army from escaping. The Ephraimites did that, and they captured
the two main leaders of the Midianites, two of the key leaders, not the kings
but two of the key generals, Oreb and Zeeb, which means the raven and the wolf
when translated. So that’s where we
ended last time. Now all of that has
focused on the historical facts, the historical situation of their
deliverance.
Starting in Judges 8 and in Judges 9 the writer of Judges is going
to return back to what I would call his divinely inspired editorializing of the
situation. He’s going to start taking
the events and showing how it fits into the overall spiritual doctrinal message
of the book, and that is that everyone was “doing what was right in their own
eyes,” the problem of spiritual relativism.
The key verse, repeated twice in Judges, found in Judges 17:6 and in
Judges 21:25, they are identical and whenever the Holy Spirit repeats Himself
we need to pay attention. This only
happens a few times in Scripture where you have the identical verses repeated
in a single book. “In those days there
was no king in Israel, every man did what was right in his own eyes.” So this shows the essential problem, the
root problem, that was going on in the nation, which is pure relativism. Everyone was doing what was right in their
own eyes. This shows the essence, the
essence of all paganism which is man’s self-assertion. You turn to Romans 1 and there we read that
after Paul rehearses the shift to idolatry, the pattern of idolatry in Romans
1:18ff, the rejection of God, the rejection of the general revelation of God,
negative volition at God-consciousness, then Paul says, “Professing to be wise,
they became fools.”
Man on his own thinks that he has enough intellectual acumen to be
able to answer the ultimate questions of life: how did we get here? Where are
we going? What is man’s purpose? What are man’s problems? How do we solve man’s problems? Man thinks in arrogance that he is the
ultimate determiner of reality. This is
the essence of paganism. Man rejects
God and in His place substitutes various aspects of the creation. We either worship creatures or we worship
abstract idols generated from our own thinking, but the core of all of this is
nothing more than arrogance. And
arrogance is the core, ultimately, of all false religious systems.
Now when I talk about how Israel succumbed to paganism or the
religion of the Canaanites, I’m using paganism in its technical sense and that
is that it is a technical term for all forms of thinking, all systems of
thinking, that are antagonistic to the Word of God, all thought forms that are
antithetical to Scripture. So in that
sense paganism is the same as human viewpoint, it’s the same as cosmic thinking
or the world system, or worldliness as the vocabulary is developed in the New
Testament. So we see that the starting
point for all paganism, for all religions, whether they are overt religious
systems or anti-religious systems, such as atheism and secular humanism they
are still religious systems. To say
there is no God is just as much a religious statement as to say there is a
God. The idea that atheism is not
religious is absurd; atheism is as much a religious statement as any statement
from Islam, Buddhism, or Christianity.
Just because it’s stated in the negative doesn’t men it’s not
religious. Just because they reject all
religion that’s just as much a religious statement as the acceptance of all
religion.
So man rejects God and in His place always inserts and always
invents some sort of substitute religion.
And the result of arrogance is always destructiveness; it always results
in division, it always results in fragmentation and that happens not only
individually in the soul but it also happens corporately in a nation. Proverbs 13:10 states the principle: “Through
presumption,” which is the Hebrew word zadown,
which means pride or arrogance or presumption, “comes nothing but strife.” So we can translate this: “Through arrogance
comes nothing but strife, but with those who receive counsel there is wisdom. That’s the Hebrew word chokmah which is the ultimate in terms of the application of
doctrine in the believer’s life.
Now what we are going to see in Judges 8 and 9 is the consequence
of the arrogance in Israel. They’re
still arrogant; they’re still operating on pride. We saw that when the Midianites came in and overran the nation
they cried out to God for deliverance.
But there’s no turning back to God.
They are still rejecting the God of the Mosaic Covenant, they’re still
rejecting Biblical absolutes, they’re not turning back to God, they’re just
crying out in misery and pain because they are going through extreme divine
discipline. And we saw the principle
that God in His grace always meets us where we are. God delivered them in grace, not because of who they are, not
because of the intensity of their sorrow, not because of anything that they had
done but God responded to their cry because He was their God, He’s the head of
the nation Israel, and so He was delivering them. And we see this principle again and again in Judges, that the
people go through, from one cycle to the next they get progressively worse
until we get down to the end and they don’t even cry out to God any more.
What we’re going to see here in this episode with Gideon is that
prior to this there was some element of spiritual renewal in the nation, there
was some turning back to God at least partially, but here we see that the
arrogance that has characterized the nation and has fragmented the nation up to
this point is going to continue and we’re going to see how it plays itself out
in the destruction of the nation. Here
is a map of Israel and the area that we are talking about, where the battle
takes places, is down in this general area here, north of the Dead Sea, north
of Jericho, the battle has taken place up here in the valley of Jezreel, and
the Midianite army has fled to the south and they’re coming down here and then
crossing over Jordan in roughly this vicinity.
There’s a problem with the fact that several of the place names that we
find in the text are uncertain; we’re not sure exactly where they are, there’s
a lot of guesswork, but for the most part it’s probably this general area,
about maybe forty or fifty miles north of the Dead Sea which is the scene of
action. Here’s a map of how the
boundaries of the nation were divided.
And if we look at this map the area where the battle took place is in
the area of the tribe of Manasseh. When
Gideon first issued his call, if you look at Judges 6:35, “he sent messengers
to Asher, Zebulun, Naphtali and throughout Manasseh. So here is Manasseh in the center part of the country, north of
Ephraim. He sends out messengers to
Zebulun here, Asher is along the coast up here to the northwest, and Naphtali
is around the Sea of Galilee, to the northwest of the Sea of Galilee. So he has sent messengers and he assembled
his original army of 23,000 in this area of northern Israel. He did not send messengers to the south, to
Dan, to Ephraim, to Judah. Apparently
the major incursion of the Midianites was in this area but we’re going to
discover in this chapter that there are other reasons for not having sent
messengers to gather troops from the south.
And that is that there seems to be some division in the nation. There is competition, the nation is
fragmenting along the lines of the tribes and they’re not maintaining their
unity.
Now this map is of the battle itself in the valley of Jezreel and
this line is the line of retreat. As
the Midianites headed to the south, they head south to this area just to the
west of Succoth, and there they are going to cross over the Jordan. Now this
area out here to the left all belongs to the tribe of Ephraim. And so Gideon is going to finally call the
Ephraimites out to put together a quick force to block the retreat of the
Midianites across the Jordan and they did an excellent job of doing so but
their attitude was less than desirable.
They are victorious, they have two battles, one in which they kill Oreb
and the other in which they kill Zeeb, but 8:1 tells us of the underlying
problem that continues, the underlying problem of arrogance that continues to
plague Israel. Now 8:1 doesn’t take
place chronologically after 7:25. I’ve
made this point before that when the Jews were writing history they write logically,
not chronologically. So if they start
on one theme the writer will follow it out to its conclusion, even though the
last part of it may happen chronologically some time later. The men of Ephraim don’t come to Gideon and
challenge him and express their anger until some time later. But because he has been talking about the
Ephraimites and their battle there at the end of chapter 7 he goes on to follow
it out to the end to show us the attitude of the Ephraimites.
Judges 8:1, “Then the men of Ephraim said to him, What is this
thing you have done to us,” notice their attitude, they are challenging Gideon
and they feel slighted, it demonstrates that they are preoccupied with their
own fame, their own honor, they are in fact arrogant, they have little concern
for the other tribes of Israel, they are more concerned with their own
reputation and getting their own glory, in fact, getting a part of the booty
from the defeat of the Midianites.
“Then the men of Ephraim said to him, What is this thing you have done
to us, not calling us when you went to fight against Midian? And they contended
with him vigorously.” See, what happens in arrogance is that we become
hyper-sensitive, and as soon as we become hypersensitive we loose all
objectivity and we don’t realize what the real issues are. Now the issue was that the Midian incursion
was not in the realm of Ephraim, it was more to the north and so for strategic
reasons Gideon only called the northern tribes, but Ephraim took it as a
personal insult, and this always goes along with arrogance.
We live in an age today of hypersensitivity. There are so many things that go on in our
culture that you can make comments about this group of people, or that group of
people, and it doesn’t matter whether it’s true or not, the people you make
those comments about, it may a racial group, an ethnic group, it may be an
economic group, it may have to do with feminists, it may have to do with men,
whatever the group may be, somebody is going to become offended and start making
a major issue out of something.
Hypersensitivity is one characteristic of arrogance and it is one of the
most destructive things that happens in relationships of all kinds, not just in
terms of national issues but it also happens in relationships, in marriages, or
in any kind of friendship or relationship one person becomes hypersensitive and
they become self-absorbed and the next thing you know the other person does
something that in and of itself is not necessarily bad or wrong or even
inconsiderate but the other person takes it that way because they’re in
arrogance and self-absorption, and so they react in hypersensitivity and get
mad and the next thing you know there’s a reaction on the other side an
polarization takes place because where there is arrogance there is always
strife and division.
This happens not only on the individual level in terms of personal
relationships but we see it played out here among the tribes of Israel. They have become so arrogant and self-absorbed
that there’s hypersensitivity now about who gets the glory. The issue is no longer the honor of the Lord
and the glory of the Lord and the defeat of the enemies of God and all of the
enemies around Israel are always viewed as the enemy of God but they have lost
the divine viewpoint perspective on what really matters, and so it has
distorted their priorities. But notice
how Gideon responds. Now this is a
lesson to any of us who are ever faced with the reaction of
hypersensitivity. Gideon does not
react, he does not say you’re all out of line, you’re just carnal, you’re still
operating on the idolatry of the Canaanites, he doesn’t rehearse their failures
or their successes.
Now it’s helpful to understand a little bit about Ephraim. Ephraim
had become overwhelmed with pride because of their history. They were the tribe of Joshua and therefore
they had a prominent role in the conquest and they were also given a large
inheritance in the hill country of Israel.
But Ephraim was also one of the first tribes to compromise with the
Canaanites and not to conquer all of their land. However, we also learn from our study of Judges that in earlier
situations, under the judgeship of Ehud and of Deborah, Ephraim was very
strong; they responded to the call of Ehud after he assassinated Eglon, and
they had to run the Moabites out of the area, that took place in the hill
country or in the tribal region of Ephraim, and they responded to his call and
defeated the Moabites. They were also
available to Deborah, the location outside of Shiloh where Deborah had her
place where she exercised her judgeship was in the area allotted to Ephraim,
and when Deborah and Barak called out the troops the Ephraimites
responded. Yet in the song of Deborah
in Judges 5 there is a hint or foreshadowing of the trouble that is going on in
Ephraim. There we read that it is in
Ephraim, their root is in Amalek. Now
that could refer to a historical fact that this had once been the geographical
area of Amalekite control but it could also imply the fact that they had been
influenced by the thinking of the Amalekites in that area. And it had already taken root in their
thinking and they had compromised the basic assumptions and presuppositions about
life but because of the influence of the Amalekites that still resided in the
territory of Ephraim.
So they have given themselves over completely to arrogance, and
self-absorption; all they’re concerned about is their own personal glory and
not the issue of deliverance of the nation and instead of reacting against them
in anger, notice how Gideon responds.
He points out how successful they have been, he praises them for the
military defeat of these two generals, Oreb and Zeeb, and he does not react in
anger. In other words, he exemplifies
the proverb that “a gentle answer turns away wrath.”
Judges 8:2, “But he said to them, What
have I done now in comparison with you?”
Now Gideon is the general, he has every right to claim his own personal
honor because of his defeat of the nation but he says I’ve done nothing
compared to you, you’re the ones who destroyed the enemy at the end there,
you’re the ones who destroyed Oreb and Zeeb, he uses a metaphorical statement,
he says “Is not the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of
Abiezer?” Now he is from the town of
Abiezer so he is saying isn’t what you have done, the results of what you have
done better than anything that I have done.
[3] “God has given the leaders of Midian, Oreb
and Zeeb into your hands; and what was I able to do in comparison with you?
Then their anger toward him subsided when he said that.”
See, we have a contrast here in humility
and arrogance; arrogance is self-absorbed and wants to assert itself, Gideon
who has every right to claim the honor and prestige of the victory as the
general who engineered the whole thing, strategized the entire thing downplays
his own role and responds in objectivity and calm and diffuses the
situation. Gideon keeps his focus on
the ultimate issues which relate to the glory of God, whereas the Ephraimites
have lost all perspective spiritually and they’re just concerned about their
own personal honor.
From this I want to summarize the
doctrine of arrogance in about five points; this is just a brief summary. First of all, arrogance is the basic mental
attitude sin that under girds every sin.
It is defined as preoccupation with self. Arrogance is the basic mental attitude sin that goes along with every
sin. In fact, it often is hand in hand
with the basic emotional sin which is fear.
When Adam and Eve sinned in the Garden, when Adam and Eve were
confronted by God when He came to walk in the Garden they ran and hid and when
God said why are you hiding, they said we were afraid. That’s the basic motivational emotion of man
is fear and it goes hand in hand with the basic mental attitude sin of
arrogance. Arrogance was the initial
sin of Lucifer; in the prehistoric past before God created mankind Lucifer
fell. He was the highest of all of the
angels; he was the most beautiful, the most intelligent, the most capable of
all of God’s creatures. No one had more
beauty, no one had more intelligence or skill in almost every area than area
than Lucifer but Lucifer wanted to be like God. He became preoccupied with himself and his own glory and that is
arrogance.
So we can define arrogance as the
inordinate exultation of self, where you become concerned with self, with me,
with what’s going on in my life and my own thinking, my own success. It is a failure to recognize the Creator/creature
distinction, to recognize that I am a creature created by God to serve
God. This is how all of this fits into
the angelic conflict. Lucifer is
operating on arrogance and wants to demonstrate that is unfair by not letting
His creatures do what they do. What God
is demonstrating is when man makes himself the final authority and does what he
wants to do, does what’s right in his own eyes, the ultimate result is always
fragmentation and self-destruction. So
arrogance is the inordinate exultation of self; it’s a failure to recognize the
Creator/creature distinction, and it is a failure to accept the authority of
God in our life.
Point number four, arrogance, then, is
the starting point of all sin but then it quickly combines with any of the lust
patterns and other mental and emotional sins to accelerate the believer’s
spiritual destruction and reversionism.
Once you start sinning then it begins to snowball, you get involved with
approbation lust, power lust, sex lust, chemical lust, whatever your lust
pattern is, it combines with arrogance and it will eventually polarize into
legalism or licentiousness and that promotes either moral or immoral arrogance
which always leads to greater division and self-destruction. It may be a while before you experience the
consequences of that but it will always end up in self-destruction and
misery.
Some of the key verses for understanding
arrogance: Proverbs 11:2 states, “When
pride comes,” or when arrogance comes, “When pride comes, then comes dishonor,
but with the humble is wisdom.”
Humility is authority orientation, orientation to the authority of God,
orientation to doctrine. And only with
humility can we learn doctrine; humility, therefore, involves
teachability. So all of this is part of
grace orientation which emphasizes that God has provided everything for us and
it’s not dependent on who we are or what we do. We have to exercise humility. When we’re emphasizing self then
that results in dishonor.
Proverbs 16:18 states, “Pride goes
before destruction, and a haughty spirit before stumbling.” Arrogance always culminates in some form of
failure and self-destruction and fragmentation.
Proverbs 23:29, “Who has woe? Who has
sorrow? Who has contentions? Who has complaining? Who has wounds without cause? Who has redness of the eyes?” All of this relates to the person who is
arrogant in context.
Then we come into the New Testament and
we see the various things that go along with arrogance and the trends of
reversionism in 2 Timothy 3:2 and following.
Talking about the trends of the Church Age, “For men will be lovers of
self, lovers of money, boastful, arrogant, revilers, disobedient to parents,
ungrateful, unholy, [3] unloving, irreconcilable, malicious gossips, without
self-control, brutal, haters of good,
[4] treacherous, reckless, conceited, lovers of pleasure,” notice the
emphasis on self, “lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God, [5] holding to
a form of godliness,” that’s some form of external religion, “holding to a form
of godliness, although they have denied its power; and avoid such men as
these.” See, you read through this list
it seems like it’s a characterization of modern American culture.
2 Timothy 3:6, “For among them are those
who enter into households and captivate weak women weighed down with sins, led
on by various impulses, [7] always learning and never able to come to the
knowledge of the truth.” Look at verse
7, that categories so much of our culture, always trying to find a solution,
always seeking something that gives the answers to life but always rejecting
the answers that are in the Scriptures.
“Always learning,” always seeking something, always coming up with some
new theory, some new way of solving problems, some new way of finding success
or happiness or meaning in life, but always rejecting the Scripture, so “never
able to come to the knowledge of the truth.”
This is what characterizes paganism, this is what characterizes and is a
result of arrogance. And as a result of
that there is always division.
Let’s see how this division in Israel
has also played itself out in terms of the tribes across the Jordan. Not only have we seen the fragmentation
between Ephraim and the other tribes but we’ll see it with those tribes across
the Jordan. Look at Judges 8:4, “Then
Gideon and the 300 men who were with him came to the Jordan and crossed over,
weary yet pursuing. [5]
He said to the men of Succoth,” this is the first village he came to
after crossing the Jordan, he pleads with them to give him supplies, to give his
men bread, “Please give loaves of bread to the people who are following me, for
they are weary, and I am pursuing Zebah and Zalmunna, the kings of
Midian.” Now notice the response of the
leaders of Succoth; now these are part of the tribes who live across the
Jordan. There should be unity because
the entire nation is under the Mosaic Law, but notice it has fragmented because
of the arrogance of paganism. They are
not supportive of Gideon at all.
Judges 8:6, “The leaders of Succoth said,
Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna already in your hands,” we don’t know
whether they’re talking literally or figuratively here, earlier we saw with one
of the initial episodes in Judges where they had cut off the thumbs and the
toes of the enemy commander in order to take away his ability to fight, so we
don’t know whether they’re saying well if you physically cut off their hands or
whether they’re just talking about it metaphorically in terms of having
destroyed their power, “Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna already in your
hands, that we should give bread to your army?” Notice the fear there, they’re not concerned about what’s right
for Israel. They’re saying we’re not
going to help you because we’ve been so much under the threat and under the
oppression of the Midianites that if we help you and you lose, then they’re
going to come back and seek vengeance on us, so we’ve compromised for the last
six years in order to get along and not have any conflict in life, in order to
be able to survive, so we have compromised.
And that’s what we’re going to see in these tribes across the Jordan, is
that they have compromised with the enemy so that they no longer have as their
priority the priorities laid out in the Mosaic Covenant, they no longer have a
unified goal with the tribes on the other side of the Jordan. [7, “Gideon
said, All right, when the LORD has given Zebah and Zalmunna into my hand, then I will
thrash your bodies with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers.”]
So Gideon left Succoth without having
received any sustenance and he went to the next town, Penuel, this is in the
area where Jacob had wrestled with the angel; the angel had touched his hip and
had crippled him and he said afterwards I will call this place Penuel because I
have seen God face to face. That’s what
that means. So it’s a reminder to us
that God has been involved in this area; there is a history in this particular
area of God’s direct revelation and yet we see that this has made no impact on
the present population.
Judges 8:8, “He went up from there to
Penuel and spoke similarly to them; and the men of Penuel answered him just as
the men of Succoth had answered. [9] So he spoke also to the men of Penuel, saying, When I
return safely, I will tear down this tower.”
They had a tower there that was a place that gave them a position of
honor and respect in the area and people would come there, it probably had a
religious significance, and so part of what Gideon is doing by tearing down
this tower that was dedicated to the worship of the Canaanites gods is that he
is removing the base of paganism, the physical base of paganism in this
area.
Then in Judges 8:10 we go on with the
battle, “Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor,” that’s a little further east
of the Jordan, “and their armies with them, about 15,000 men, all who were left
of the entire army of the sons of the east; for the fallen were 120,000
swordsmen.” So now Gideon is down to
300 fighting 15,000 so it’s down to 500 to 1 odds, and God is still the One who
is going to give him the victory. [11] “Gideon went up by the way of those who lived in tents,”
this is a Bedouin trade route in the Transjordan, so he took this back trail
“on the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and attacked the camp when the camp was unsuspecting.” So instead of going down the major trade
route he took a little used Bedouin trail back in the hills and he came around
behind them and executed a surprise attack on their camp.
Judges 8:12, “When Zebah and Zalmunna
fled, he pursued them and captured the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna,
and routed the whole army. [13] Then Gideon the son of
Joash returned from the battle by the ascent of Heres. [14] And
he captured a youth from Succoth and questioned him. Then the youth wrote down
for him the princes of Succoth and its elders, seventy-seven men.” He’s getting his military intelligence here,
finding out who the key leaders are, who the influential men in Succoth were so
that he knows who to deal with when he goes back to punish them.
Judges 8:15 “He
came to the men of Succoth and said, Behold Zebah and Zalmunna, concerning whom
you taunted me, saying, ‘Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna already in your
hand, that we should give bread to your men who are weary?’ [16] He took the elders
of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and he disciplined the
men of Succoth with them.” That’s not
exactly what it says in the Hebrew.
What he did was he roped, like whips, from the thorns and the briars,
and he basically flayed them alive, he just ripped the skin off their backs,
it’s a very harsh treatment. Then he
went to Penuel and [17] “He tore down the tower of Penuel and killed the men of
the city.”
Now what’s going on here; before we can
get to application we have to have some interpretation and there are some
interpretive disagreements here. There
are those who assert that at this point, starting in verse 4 Gideon is in
reaction, he’s in carnality, obviously anybody who is following the Lord and
does something of this nature is acting too harsh to have any kind of
spirituality here so Gideon is now showing his future arrogance. Well it’s true that Gideon, before we get to
the end of the chapter is going to demonstrate his own arrogance and is going
to end up rejecting God and leading the nation back into idolatry. But that’s not what’s happening here.
Gideon is disciplining these leaders
because they had failed. He’s still a
judge, this is part of his job as a judge, is to remove the evidences and the
influences of paganism from within Israel.
So he is not out of line, he is no different from Moses, some of the
disciplinary actions of Moses, some of the disciplinary actions of Joshua and
other leaders in removing the sinful carnal rebellious sinful leaders from the
land who are influencing the people into paganism. Now understanding that it gives us an important application and
this is that we are involved in a spiritual warfare and all of these warfare
passages in the Old Testament ultimately give us lessons on the spiritual
warfare of the believer.
We have set up the overall pattern, that
as Israel moved into the land the land represents to us the totality of our
thinking as believers. The land has
been given to us, just as the land was given to Israel so that they possessed
the whole land potentially, we have salvation and we are going to be
regenerated eventually, we have eternal security, we can’t lose our
salvation. Nevertheless, we have been
given a task. Just as Israel’s task was
to go in and remove the Canaanites from the land it is our responsibility to
remove human viewpoint and paganism from our thinking. This is a battle; sometimes it is less of a
battle than at other times but there are times when we have to take strong
offensive action in our own thinking in order to recognize, root out and remove
human viewpoint thinking that has infected our thinking.
So as I reflected on this I was thinking
what are some of the more egregious forms, more popular forms of human
viewpoint thinking that has infected our culture? And one of these is psychology.
We live in a psychologized culture.
Psychology has become so accepted and so much a part of the warp and
woof of our culture that we accept as truism all kinds of things that would
never have been accepted 50 or 60 years ago; concepts like well, if a person is
going to be happy or successful in life they have to have positive
self-esteem. Positive self-esteem is
another word for confidence. Who is our
confidence supposed to be in as believers?
Is it supposed to be in our self, or is it supposed to be in God. Now in some sense we have to have a certain
confidence in our self, certain assuredness of who we are and what we’re doing,
then we’re able to do the job, but that’s not what the concept of self-esteem
really talks about. Some of the
greatest crooks in all of history had tremendous self-esteem. Hitler had great self-esteem. Stalin had great self-esteem. The issue is not that we are to esteem
ourselves, we are to esteem God.
So the human viewpoint thinking of
psychology has so infiltrated the church that whenever people have a problem in
life, whenever they have a problem with other believers, whenever they have a
problem with marriage, whenever they just don’t seem to be happy…[tape
turns]…there’s always this trend of self-absorption there, the solution often
is well, let’s go to a counselor, or therapist, or find a marriage counselor to
help us through our problem or even call the pastor and the pastor will counsel
us, as if that is the solution now becomes sitting down and talking through
things. The buzz word for that is
called “talk therapy.” Now I’m not
saying there is not a place for Biblical pastoral counseling at times; we all
need a little advice now and then, there always needs to be someone sometimes
with a little objectivity who can point us in the right direction, but we need
to realize that 98% of pastoral counseling is what happens right now, when the
pastor is teaching the Word of God we are to be taking in the Word of God, learning
the principles and applying them to our lives.
If we do that we will eventually learn how to face and solve any problem
that comes along in life and any difficulty that comes along in life.
I remember one time talking to a
professor of mine in seminary and I’d been a pastor for about 8 years and I
made the observation to him that in 8 years of pastoral ministry I had perhaps
had 3 or 4 people come to me for counseling, that in 8 years of pastoral
ministry I said I don’t understand these guys who complain the fact they don’t
have any time to study because they’re spending e, 4, 5 hours a day in
counseling, I said what in the world is going on. And he looked at me and said well Robby, nobody wants to come to
you for counseling because they know what you’re going to say, you’ve taught it
from the pulpit, these other guys aren’t teaching anything from the
pulpit. So people think that when they
come to them they’re going to have somebody give them exactly what they want or
help them with their problem because they’re don’t get the information from the
pulpit.
We live in a time when psychology, even
among believers and especially among believers I might add, is terribly
misunderstood. So we’re going to use
psychology of example of one strand of pagan thinking that has infiltrated and
infected Christianity with all sorts of ideas.
Now I know that I’m going to step on a few toes but if you wait till I
get done next time, maybe some of your questions will be answered.
Point number one, psychology is one of
the most destructive aspects of cosmic arrogance today. It is in fact another religious option; it
is not scientific, it is religious. I’ll
demonstrate that as we go along with quotations from sources such as the American
Psychological Association. It is, in
fact, another religious option and all psychological systems are loaded with
pagan religious assumptions. Every
psychological system is loaded, even those that are so-called Christian
psychology, and we’ll see what’s wrong with that term, are loaded with pagan
assumptions. We’ll take some time to
look at those.
I want to break this down, four more sub
points in our initial statement to help explain and define our terms. Paganism, first of all, refers to all thought
forms erected independent of God and hostile to God. So paganism refers to all thought forms erected independent of
God and hostile to God. Now let me say
something; I’ll come back and address this later, what always happens, I
remember 10 years ago I used to get in enormous arguments with people over
this, and ultimately those who affirm and want to support psychology always say
well, I hold this system and it’s Biblical because there’s nothing in the
system that’s contradicted by Scripture.
Is that what makes something Biblical?
Is something you believe Biblical because it’s not denied by the
Scripture? No. What makes something Biblical is that it is
derived form the Scripture; it is the result of exegesis and theology, not
because it is not specifically not contradicted in Scripture. That doesn’t mean it’s Biblical. In fact, if it’s not mentioned in Scripture
at all it probably isn’t Biblical.
Paganism refers to all thought forms
erected independent of God and hostile to God, and therefore it’s not
consistent with thought that’s developed form the Word of God.
The second point of this introductory
breakdown is psychology is based on the assumption that man through empiricism
and his own rational capabilities has the ability to plumb the depths of the
human soul and to explain, based on principles of scientific methodology, to
explain the operation of the human soul, to develop a correct view of
personality and personality development, the development of emotional and
mental problems, their solutions, remedies and cures. That was a mouthful; let me break that down for you.
First of all, psychology is based on
certain assumptions; there is a methodology that is used in all psychology and
that’s what I’m dealing with. It’s
based on certain assumptions and the primary assumption is that man can use
empiricism and his own rational abilities in order to come to a complete and
perfect knowledge of the human soul and to explain based on these principles of
scientific methodology how the human soul operates; how emotional and mental
problems develop, what their solutions, remedies and cures are. So psychology is based on an assumption that
man using empirical procedures can plumb the depths of the human soul.
The third point by way of introduction
is that the term “psychology” derives from two words in the Greek. This really ought to say it all if we’re
thinking believers. The first is psuche, which means soul, and the second
is logos, which means the science of
something or the study of something or knowledge about something. So psychology itself means the study of the
soul, the knowledge of the soul, science about the soul. However, the Bible claims to be the exclusive
authority on the nature of the human soul.
In fact, when we talk about psychology, one of the interesting things,
most people think that there’s just this solid block of data out there that’s
psychology. The fact is we’ll see that
there are 400 different psychological models and over 10,000 different
psychological techniques and among those 400 different psychological models in
every year there’s always somebody that comes up with a new model; many of them
are based on materialistic concepts of the nature of man. In other words, they would reject the idea
that there is an immaterial part to man.
When we think of “soul” we think of something that is immaterial, that
is made up of the mind, the emotions, the will, conscience, self-consciousness,
but for many psychologists the soul is just a term for the behavior of man and
man is a material creature totally, there’s nothing immaterial there, so from
the very beginning they have a skewed conception of what makes man
operate.
So the very term “psychology” implies
knowledge of the soul and is in contrast to the Bible which claims that God
Himself is the only one who claims ultimate authority in telling us what the
soul is, what the problems in the soul are, that is sin, and what the solutions
are. So the term “psychology” itself
indicates that there is a conflict and what I’m talking about here in terms of
psychology is psychotherapy as derived from Freud, Jung, Maslow and all the
various systems developed from these and others, are what is called talk
therapy or transpersonal psychology.
Now I think that there are other aspects
of the study of man and behavioral, what we might call behavioral sciences
which have a legitimate place, perhaps in the study of war, you want to study
the nature of your enemy, how he operates, how he performs, the operation of
soldiers under certain kinds of conditions.
I think there are some legitimate applications there but that is totally
different from what I’m talking about, even though those areas are deeply
impacted by the same sort of transpersonal assumptions that I’m criticizing
here.
So finally, there is a conflict, we must
recognize there is a conflict between systems of psychology and their truth
claims, and the truth claims of the Scriptures. Psychology claims that on the basis of their techniques and
theories and practices man can solve problems, achieve stability and find
happiness in life. That’s what I mean
by psychology.
The second point; all psychological
systems, as I said there are over 400 models of theories of human personality,
human makeup, human behavior that extend from the purely materialistic to the
more extreme metaphysical New Age type of psychologies. All psychological systems derive their
knowledge from empiricism, and empiricism is always limited by the data. Always remember this. Empiricism is always limited by the data;
empiricism means I have 900 pieces of data and as a result of looking at those
900 pieces of data I can derive this conclusion that’s consistent with those
900 facts. Then next week I discover
fact 901 and it changes how I look at everything else. So the discovery of a new piece of
information tomorrow can change all previous conclusions.
Now one of the underlying assumptions
that I always hear and that you run into is well, all truth is God’s
truth. I can’t tell you how many times
I’ve heard somebody say that, well how can you attack psychology, all truth is
God’s truth so the truth that we derive from empirical observation we can then
merge in with the truth of God’s Word so that we can have an accurate view of
man and man’s personality and how man operates. There are a number of problems with this statement and this
statement doesn’t just relate to psychology, you find it in many other cases of
merger as well. By this claim what is
meant is that the “all truth,” that is principles discovered through the use of
scientific methodology, the “all truth” is equated and is at the same level of
truth as Scripture. The “all truth” at
the beginning of the proposition is equated to the same level of truth as given
in Scripture.
Now there is a sense in which this is
true. If, in fact, I do make an
accurate observation and that observation is true, then, for example, on a base
ten system 2 + 2 = 4, that’s true, and that’s consistent with what’s in the Scripture,
but that’s not what we’re talking about here.
There are some levels of scientific information that is attestable and
verifiable and there is much that is not.
And what happens is that in the realms of philosophy, psychology and a
number of other areas, you have truth claims that can’t be tested or verified
like you can certain mathematical or scientific principles so because they’re
not testable, not verifiable the conclusions may be changed by new discoveries
tomorrow. So what this is basically claiming
is that through general revelation man can derive the same level of absolute
knowledge of truth that is given through special revelation.
Now there are four basic problems with
this kind of thinking. The first is
that it assumes that truth exists…or the reality is…excuse me, the reality is
that truth exists in varying degrees of certitude. The statement “all truth is God’s truth” acts as if all truth is
at the same level of certitude but truth does exist in varying degrees of
certitude. We know that 2 + 2 = 4 but
we are not always certain about other conclusions from philosophy or
psychology. So these principles in
philosophy or psychology or even linguistics or grammar must be held
tentatively because based on empiricism new data may be discovered tomorrow
that changes the conclusions that we hold dear today.
For example, the fountainhead of all
psychology was the thinking of Anton Mesmer, the person from which we get the
term mesmerized, the first person who developed hypnotism. In 1779 he boldly asserted that there is
only one illness and one healing. He
believed that an invisible fluid,
called animal magnetism, was
distributed throughout the body and this fluid or energy had to be in proper
distribution or there were physical and mental problems. As his system developed it promoted a new
way of looking at life and promoted three main ideas. These ideas are hypnotic suggestion, number one; number two
healing through talk, and number three, mind over matter. The first gave rise to hypnosis; the second
idea gave rise eventually to psychotherapy and the third idea gave rise to the
mind science cults, such as Christian Science and the modern health and wealth
theologies. According to the American
Psychological Association, in their book, A
History of Psychotherapy, A Century of Change, they stated: “Historians
have found several aspects of mesmerism and its offshoots that set the stage
for 20th century psychotherapy.
It promoted ideas that are quintessentially American and have become
permanent theoretical features of our 20th century psychological
landscape,” but the fact is much of the thinking that Anton Mesmer had has been
invalidated by later studies.
The same thing is true about Freud. In fact, Morris Eagle, the President of the
APA’s psychoanalysis division and professor of psychology at Adelphi University
stated that “there are very few analysts who follow all of Freud’s
formulations,” in other words much that Freud thought was true 100 years ago
has been invalidated by later discoveries.
So what are you really going to rely on. In fact, Eagle goes on to state, “nevertheless, psychotherapists
of all stripes still tend to share two of Freud’s core beliefs; one is that our
behavior, thoughts and emotions stem from unconscious fears and desires often
rooted in childhood experiences. The
other is that with the help of a trained therapist we can understand the source
of our troubles and thereby attain relief.”
Not only are those two assumptions held by most psychotherapists,
they’re held by most Americans. Most
Americans believer there is something in your soul called the unconscious, but
the concept of the unconscious was a category developed by Freud; it’s not
Biblical, it’s not derived from exegesis, it is something that was unique to
Freud’s thinking, and the idea that if we want to have solutions to our
problems then we need a trained therapist in order to achieve that. In fact, there are many seminary students
that when the graduate, after four years of studying Greek, Hebrew, exegesis
and theology, they don’t think they have enough information to help people so
then they go back to school and get a degree in counseling or psychotherapy so
that they can help people. They have
basically sold their birthright of Scripture for the pottage of psychology and
psychotherapy.
All of that addresses the first problem
with the statement, “all truth is God’s truth,” and that is that truth in
reality exists in varying degrees of certitude and truth derived from empirical
data may change tomorrow. What we hold
to be absolute today may be rejected tomorrow.
So on what basis, then, are we going to say that this is truth and
equate it with Scripture? We’re running
out of time so we’ll come back and review this and we will continue our study
of how psychology is a major element of pagan thought that has influenced and
infected Christianity and promotes fragmentism, fragmenting marriage,
fragmenting the soul and fragmenting the nation.