Sonship and Heirship; Gal.4:5-7
The key word in this section
is huiothesian [u(ioqesian]. It is translated correctly “adoption” but the
notion of adoption in this passage is not the idea of adoption that we are used
to in our culture. In the ancient world it had more to do with recognition of
adulthood and the bestowal of legal rights and inheritance rights upon a son
when he was recognised as an adult, usually at the age of fourteen. The analogy
that Paul is making is an historical analogy. He is not making a comparison
between unbeliever and believer but between Jew and Gentile. He looking at the
history of humanity in terms of the history of salvation—how God has revealed
salvation through history. He didn’t just dump the whole load on Adam and Eve
when they came out of the garden. Abraham was given more information, Moses
more, the prophets more; this is called progressive revelation. Each generation
was responsible for the amount of revelation it had been given to them. But
from Adam and the fall up to Moses was the age of the Gentiles and from Moses
to the cross was the age of
Galatians 4:4 NASB
“But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, born of a
woman, born under the Law.” The principle here is that Jesus Christ controls
history. God determined when the best time in all of human history would be to
send the saviour. He provided a unique historical environment for the
incarnation. His purpose was redemption—the cross, to pay the sin penalty.
Galatians 4:5 NASB
“so that He might redeem those who were under the Law, that we might receive
the adoption as sons.
The doctrine of redemption
1. The meaning of redemption is to pay a price, to
purchase from the slave market, to set free.
2. The saving work of Jesus Christ on the cross whereby
all humanity is bought from the slave market of sin in which they were born
spiritually dead and delivered to the freedom of grace. Redemption is realised
or applied when a person is born again by faith alone in Christ alone. Even
though the unbeliever is born in the slave market of sin, Christ died and the
shackles have been loosened. They can step out of them. The issue is not sin
anymore; the issue is whether or not they accept the payment. But they are
still minus righteousness. Sin is paid for but because they are –R
all they can produce is their life is –R. All their good works have
no value, they never add up to the perfect righteousness of Christ. Therefore
at the great white throne judgment when all unbelievers are evaluated God will
add up all of their good works, and when He does they will still amount to –R.
The standard is +R and so they will be condemned to eternity in the
lake of fire. That does John 3:18 say? NASB “He who believes in Him
is not judged; he who does not believe has been judged already, because he has
not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.” It doesn’t say
because he is a sinner. Sin was taken care of at the cross. If there is no
belief in Christ there is no imputation, no justification and the person is
condemned because he has not believed.
3. Christ is the only qualified redeemer. He is qualified
a) because of the virgin conception and birth—no sin nature, no imputation of
Adam’s original sin; b) by His life because He never committed a sin—the
doctrine of the impeccability of Jesus Christ, Isaiah
53:9; John 8:46; Hebrews 4:15; 7:26-28.
4. Redemption is one aspect of God’s solution to sin.
Illustration: the barrier—six consequences or problems from the act that
separated man from God: a) Sin itself, Romans 3:23; Isaiah 64:6; b) the penalty
of sin, Romans 6:23, spiritual death, Ephesians 2:1; c) Physical birth. We are
born spiritually dead with a sin nature and separated from God; d) Relative
righteousness, which means that we are born –R and no matter how
good we are we can never come up to the perfect righteousness which God
demands; e) the character of God. Man’s problem is that he is –R,
God is +R. What the righteousness of God demands the justice of God
must supply. The issue is not how a God can send pone of His creatures to the
lake of fire, the issue is, How can a righteous God let anyone into heaven who
does not meet His absolute standard; f) our position in Adam—“In Adam all die,”
1 Corinthians 15:22.
5. In the Old Testament the solution (Christ’s death on
the cross) was symbolised by a blood sacrifice. The blood represented the
physical death of the animal. The physical death of the animal in turn was a
portrayal of the death of Christ on the cross. But remember the penalty for sin
is spiritual death, so the death that Christ died on the cross had to be in
kind. Physical death doesn’t pay the penalty for spiritual death. Jesus Christ
was separated from God the Father for three hours on the cross when He bore in
His body the payment for our sins. So we refer to this as the spiritual
substitutionary death of Christ on the cross. Before He died physically the
payment for us was complete. The last thing he said before He died physically
was tetelestai [tetelestai], “It is finished.” Animal blood was the means of
teaching or portraying the doctrine in the Old Testament, Exodus 12:7, 12;
Hebrews 9:22. In the New Testament it is the blood of Christ—the physical blood
represents spiritual death, the blood is simply a type, a physical
representation of what took place in the spiritual realm.
6. The blood of Christ was the ransom price of redemption.
7. The soul of the believer is redeemed in salvation. Job
19:25, 26.
8. Condemnation under the Mosaic Law; redemption solve
the problem.
9. The results of redemption: a) the forgiveness of sins—it
is the basis for justification. Because the price has been paid we can then
trust Christ because He died as our substitute in our place and b) in accepting
that payment there is the imputation of Christ’s righteousness and we are
declared to be righteous; c) it is the basis for sanctification. Now that we
are positionally sanctified because we are in Christ
we can then grow and mature as believers in experiential sanctification.
Ephesians 5:25; d) it is the basis for our eternal inheritance, Hebrews 9:15;
Galatians 4:7; e) it is related to the mediatorship
of Jesus Christ, 1 Timothy 2:5, 6.
Galatians 4:6, the sign of adoption NASB “Because you are sons [huios, adult sons], God has sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying, ‘Abba! Father!’” The sending forth of the Holy Spirit is unique in this age, and this is the indwelling of the Holy Spirit in every single believer. It is related to the sealing of the Spirit as the sign of sonship that God the Holy Spirit indwells every single believer in this age. “Abba” is a very close term of affection to the Father, so it shows the intimate relationship the church age believer can have with the Father because he is a royal priest under God and has a unique family relationship which is quite different from that of the Old Testament.
Conclusion: Galatians 4:7 “Therefore you are no longer a slave, but a son; and if a son, then an heir through God.”