Foundation
for Life Lesson 1 July 24, 2005
NKJ
Acts
4:12
"Nor is there salvation in any other, for there is no other name under
heaven given among men by which we must be saved."
I
would like for you to open your Bibles to the Gospel of John. It is the fourth book in the New Testament
and is the last of the four gospels.
This evening we are starting a series I have entitled “Foundation for
Life”. Our Lord taught a parable about a homebuilder. This is a story about two men who built different homes. One investigated the soil on which he laid
his foundation. It was sandy soil. But he went ahead and built the house and
laid the foundation on sandy soil. The
other built his house on bedrock. When
the storms of life came it was the house built on the shifting sands that fell
apart. The shifting sands were unable to withstand the pressures, the tests,
and the real issues of life. The man
who built his house on bedrock survived.
His house survived. The house
wasn’t hurt or harmed or weakened by the storm. This is a parable to teach the fact that we all have to make a
decision about what we are building our lives on. What we build our house on is what we believe to be truth. We all know that there are competing truth
claims today. But there has to be a way
to evaluate those truth claims and to know what truth is. Not what is true for you or true for
me. Not what works for you or makes you
happy. But what is absolutely true
whether you feel like it is true, want it to be true, whether it makes you
happy or sad. It is truth because it is that which conforms to the nature of
reality. That is the basic definition
and idea of truth. So I want to start
this series by examining our foundation and asking you the question, what is
your foundation? I want to go to one of
the most famous conversations in all of Scripture.
This
is the last conversation the Lord Jesus Christ had before He went to the
cross. This conversion is part of His
sixth trial. He went through six trials before He was sentenced by Pilate,
turned over to the Jews and crucified on the cross. As Pontius Pilate examines Him, he asks a question.
NKJ
John
18:37 Pilate
therefore said to Him, "Are You a king then?" Jesus answered,
"You say rightly that I am a king. For this cause I was born, and
for this cause I have come into the world, that I should bear witness to the
truth. Everyone who is of the truth hears My voice."
Jesus
says that one of the reasons He was incarnate was to bear witness to the
Truth. The very statement that He makes
presupposes an absolute overriding truth by which all claims can be
measured.
That
implies that those who reject His voice are not of the truth but live in
self-deception.
NKJ
John
18:38 Pilate said to Him, "What is truth?" And
when he had said this, he went out again to the Jews, and said to them, "I
find no fault in Him at all.
You
have to have a sense of who this man is and his background and how he is a
typical product of first century Roman culture. So many people that we know today are products of 21st
century American culture. They are
skeptical and have heard so many people make claims that aren’t backed up. They
might be claims about having greater sex appeal because of their toothpaste. Or
they might be claims about the cleansing of you dish washing soap. Or they might be claims of politicians People are skeptical. They don’t think that anyone can know about
truth anymore. They think it is
impossible to know truth. They think that the only thing you can do is find something
within yourself that is the basis for life so you can have some measure of
happiness. At least it is true for you
right now and so everything is ok and you feel good about it.
Pilate
makes a flippant remark. And then he
goes out to the Jews outside the courtroom.
He found no fault in Jesus but he still turns Jesus over the Jews. What I want to focus on is this one
interchange between Jesus and Pilate.
Actually there is a third group that is not on the scene in this
conversation. They are outside. That is the Jews. So there are really four different groups here who represent four
different approaches to this concept of truth.
There are four different approaches to happiness.
I
want to start with Pilate, the classic skeptic. Pilate represents the views of the skeptics down through the ages
who do not want to accept the fact that there is some eternal truth that they
must conform their thinking to. He
offers this dismissive remark. It
reveals he is a pragmatic man. He is the administrator of the Roman
province. He is the governor of
Judea. He administers the kingdom and
doesn’t care about getting distracted by religious claims to truth or
philosophical argumentation. As a
product of the Roman Empire, he is well educated. He is familiar with philosophers that have influenced Greco-Roman
culture. He knows about Plato,
Socrates, Aristotle, the Stoics, the Sophists, and all the different views. By
this time in history, most people in the Roman Empire at this time had become
skeptics. They had seen for 500 years
various philosophical systems come and go making claims to offer truth. As soon as one came on the scene, another
would follow it that would demonstrate its inability to handle the real issues
of life. You would shift from one
philosophy to another. By this time
they played out all the philosophical investigation and there does not seem to
be any body who can answer the question of what truth is. To understand Pilate a little bit we have to
understand the history of the ideas that shape this skepticism. The skepticism that shaped Pilate in 30 AD
is the same idea that produced skepticism in the 21st century in the
world today. As we look back in ancient
history and trace these ideas what we are going to see is the same issues that
we have faced. We will go back to
Aristotle and Plato.
To
understand what a revolution occurred in Greek in the 5th century
BC, we must realize that anybody at that time lived in cultures that were
polytheistic. That means they
worshipped numerous gods and goddesses. They were idol worshipers. They deified
the forces of nature. As a result of
that they made men subservient to nature.
It produced cultures that were violent and destructive and offered
people no hope. It is fascinating to
look at history. In the 6th
and 7th century BC there came a time when all of these idolatrous
systems tended to be wiped out and men looked for answers and solutions in
another direction. This is when the
Greek philosophers came on the scene.
As their thought developed it culminated in the person of Plato. So you
had two great philosophers Plato and his student Aristotle
In
a picture by Raphael called “The School for Prophets”, Plato has his finger
pointed upward and Aristotle has his hand pointed downward. For Plato reality was in the upper realm of
ideas. But Aristotle came along said it
did not answer the question. He said
that reality was in nature itself.
Plato says that reality is above.
It is not in the world that we see and experience with our senses. The material world for Plato is nothing
more that a shadow, a reflection of these ultimate ideals. He called these
ultimate ideals forms. Later on the
Apostle Paul says that Jesus Christ existed in the form of God. He picks up that philosophical terminology
to indicate that the ultimate reality was Jesus Christ. For Plato truth is not discovered through
the senses. We don’t see things as they
are. We simply see a shadow. Truth is not discovered through the senses
or through the study of what we see, taste, and feel but through unaided reason
alone.
This
is the contribution of the Greeks to human thought. After rejecting the gods and goddesses of polytheism and after
rejected the idolatry that had dominated for centuries, they rejected all gods
and said that man could find meaning and truth by himself on the basis unaided
reason. But Aristotle came along and
said, “No, it does not explain the issues.
It does not explain why there is evil in the world. It doesn’t explain why there is
suffering. It doesn’t explain why man
exists and why he is different from all the other animals. It doesn’t explain
what is ultimately out there.” He said
that reality is not what is above it is what is below. Reality is what you see. In other words by studying the material
world that you can know directly, we can know truth. They are opposing truth claims.
One says you can’t know things directly you can only know their shadow. The other says you can know things directly
through you senses. Truth is discovered
through the senses.
Now
for most of us who have never studied a lot of philosophy or thought this may
be something that is over your head, but it is important to understand because
these same series of things occurred in modern times. Descartes was like Plato.
He was a rationalist. He said you could find truth through
reason. But it was bankrupt system. He
was followed by men like John Locke who were empiricists following the path of
Aristotle. They said that you couldn’t
come to truth by reason but you could come to it through experiences. But then that fell apart. Then a man came along in the late 1700’s
named David Hume who said you couldn’t know truth at all. You can’t even be
sure it was there. He was a skeptic.
Man can’t live as if there was no truth.
As
soon as something happens in the news - you hear some story about a father who
murdered his children - you are appalled.
You think it is wrong. And the
he gets off. You are offended. Your sense of absolutes is offended. What have you done? You have just used verbiage that indicates
that you believe there is some overarching absolute standard. Whenever you get into an argument with
somebody you say they are right or wrong.
You tell them they shouldn’t do something. As soon as you use the words should or ought or right or wrong,
what are you implying? The very words
you use imply that there is some overarching standard. Man can’t live as if there is no standard because
the Scripture says that God built that in us.
So
Plato and Aristotle set up the ancient strand of skepticism. Plato used a very famous illustration of how
we know things by using a cave. If you
have studied basic philosophy you have studied this. It is found in his famous work “The Republic.” He uses the cave as a way to illustrate that
man only knows the shadows. The
background for this is something we did as kids. We have all made shadows with our hands. You see the shadow on the wall. A box represents a cave. Somewhere behind man there is a light
illuminating his knowledge and it is casting a shadow on the wall. All you see are the shadows. You see a horse
or a dog. You do not see the ideal
reality. It is hidden from you. It is actually outside the cave. The problem with Greek philosophy and Plato
is they couldn’t get to a direct knowledge or understanding of ultimate ideals
or ultimate forms because they weren’t revealed to him from outside the
box. Man was stuck in the cave. He couldn’t get outside the cave to see if
what he saw was true. So Aristotle came
along and said that it was bankrupt because you can’t know anything for
sure. This system is known as
rationalism.
Aristotle
also has a box. That box represents
creation. Aristotle’s system is
empiricism. He emphasized that truth is
that which is known by the senses whether it is sight, sound, touch, taste, or
smell. This is how we learn about the
world around us. We can learn through
our senses. But our sense data is also
limited. And something must haves put
everything in motion. But we don’t have
any sense data about it. So Aristotle
postulated something known as the unmoved mover or prime mover. Something got everything in motion but he
didn’t know what it was. But, because
all of these things exist that are in motion; there must be a prime mover
because they are in motion. This is an
essential problem to Greek philosophy.
He
was followed by the Sophists who were the skeptics of the day. They did not think you could know
truth. They didn’t think that there was
an overarching truth. Everyone has to
have their own truth. Whatever works
for you is okay. But people cannot live
like that. That system broke down and was replaced by the Epicureans. They were replaced by the Stoics. People began to give up on having an
overarching truth. If you don’t have an overarching truth, then your can’t find
meaning and purpose to life. If there
is no meaning and purpose to life, then life is meaningless and
purposeless. You are nothing more than
a cosmic accident. There is nothing
more distinct or significant about your life than the life of a lizard or a
rock. Have a happy life!
That is where human philosophy ends. It was bankrupt. At the same time that the Greeks wrestle with this, something is
happening over in Israel. The answer
was here. God had revealed it to the
Jews. But the Jews rejected it and
substituted the idolatrous religion that the Greeks were now in the position of
rejecting. So because the Jews had
fallen into idolatry, God punished them and took them out of the land – the
land that He had promised them, the land of Canaan. He said that he would punish them for 70 years. They would be destroyed by their enemies. They would be removed from the land and
after 70 years God would bring them back to the land. This occurred in 536 BC when the first group of Jews returned
from Babylon.
This
first group of Jews came under the leadership of Ezra. They returned to the land. After they returned to the land several
things happened over the next hundred years.
They developed two different religious political parties. The first is known as the Sadducees and the
second is known as the Pharisees. The
Sadducees were sort of the liberal group.
They didn’t think there was anything that was supernatural. There was no after life. Angels didn’t exist. There is no resurrection. They thought that
religion was fine and good, but we must use reason and be thinking individuals. This is their position. They represent the group of people down
through the ages who hold on to a religious form. They like God talk. They
say things like God bless you. They go
to church on Sunday. Every now and then
they get a book on spirituality. They
read it and it makes them feel comfortable.
It takes the edge off their guilt, but they do not give themselves to a
belief in god. It makes them feel they
have some level of meaning and purpose.
They can’t live like the skeptic or atheist because then you are left
with hopelessness. So they leap into God but they don’t believe that God has
spoken to man. That is the
Sadducees. That foundation fell
apart. The foundation of Greek
philosophy fell apart and left them with skepticism. The foundation of religious liberalism that has affected all the
major religions – Judaism, Islam, and Christianity – has been effected by
modern philosophy.
But
then you have the Pharisees who were the Jewish fundamentalists. They were the rigorous upholders of the
Mosaic Law. They wanted everyone to
make sure that they did everything in their life exactly and precisely
according to the law so that God wouldn’t punish them and kick them out of the
land. They tried to earn God’s favor by
how many times a day they prayed and how many times a day they went to the
temple. Once again that didn’t work. They were trying to get brownie points
with God. It was another truth system
that fell apart. It couldn’t bear the
weight of the issues of life.
It
is into this context that Jesus comes.
He is the eternal God. The Scripture says that He is the one who created
the heavens and the earth. The God of
the Bible is a distinct God from all these other gods or prime movers or the
ideals. The God of the Bible is
distinct from everything else. He is
the Creator God.
Genesis
1 begins with one of the most profound statements in Scripture.
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Genesis
1:1 In the
beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
The
first statement says that there is a beginning but that God existed before the
beginning. He is eternal. He is not finite. It rejects all polytheism (the belief in many gods) and rejects
the concept of atheism (the view that there is no God).
That
God created the heavens and the earth indicates that God is distinct from the
universe. He is not in the universe and
He is not identified with the universe or nature. The very first verse of the Bible separates and distinguishes
Biblical teaching from every other religious system in the world.
He
said, “Let us make mankind.” “Us”
indicates that is there is a plurality of members in the Godhead. There is not
just one person in the unity of God but there is more than one person in the
Godhead. Later revelation indicates that there are three persons in the Godhead
- God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Spirit. It is the second person of the trinity God the Son who was the
actual creator of the heavens and the earth.
As the creator He is the one who established reality. He establishes the way things are. He established the laws that govern both the
spiritual realm as well as the physical realm. As such He has the ability to communicate to us.
The
other interesting thing about this is that when God created man, He knew first
of all that He was going to want to communicate to man. So He made man in such a way that man could
receive with certainty that communication.
Man wasn’t going to have to guess whether it came from God or not. God created man so that he could know with
certainty that God had communicated to him.
Man could know Him and have a relationship with Him.
The
second thing we need to observe about God’s creation of man is that when God
created man God in His omniscience knew that one-day He would enter into
humanity. So that He created man to
function in such a way that the eternal God of the universe could incarnate
Himself into the human race so that He could provide salvation. He could come and speak truth to man so that
man would have the ability to evaluate all of these other so-called truth
claims.
This
is a background to understanding Jesus conversation with a Pharisee in John
3. I want to go the end of the
conversation first and then go back to the beginning. When Jesus goes through this conversation He is talking to a man
named Nicodemus. Nicodemus was probably
the best Bible teacher of the day. He
knew the Old Testament backward and forward.
Nicodemus is not his actual name.
It means ruler of the people.
This was a title for the #1 teacher of the Old Testament in Israel. Nicodemus who knew the Old Testament better
than any Pharisee in the first century comes to Jesus because he heard He was
doing miracles. He asks Jesus what is going on. So Jesus explains a few things and Nicodemus just isn’t catching
on. Maybe you have had this experience.
You try to explain Christianity and they have a hard time grasping
it. When the conversation is nearing
its end, Jesus makes a profound statement.
NKJ
John
3:12
"If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you
believe if I tell you heavenly things?
This
is a profound statement. Think of a
graph (next page). The y-axis represents space. It goes from smaller to larger.
The smallest thing we could perceive is part of an atom. Then the largest thing we could perceive is
a galaxy. The x-axis represents
time. With the use of instruments we
can observe things down to a nano-second.
At the other end of the spectrum we have historical observations. They may not be our initial eyewitnesses,
but there are those who lived and wrote down their accounts of what went
on. That represents the full extent of
human observation. A box inside the
graph indicates the limits of what we can observe. The box represents the boundaries. When we get beyond these lines we can’t have any direct
observation anymore. We don’t know what goes on there. When we go beyond the historical observation
we don’t know what went on because there is no direct eyewitness account. The smallest thing that we can observe with
a microscope may be the sub molecular level.
The largest thing we could observe would be a galaxy. We can’t go beyond that. We can’t go beyond space. So that provides limitation. This is the
same box that boxed in Plato with his rationalism. It is the same box the boxed in Aristotle with his
empiricism. Human knowledge can only go
so far. When we get outside the box we
deal with deductions and conjecture. It
is pure guesswork unless there is an eyewitness who goes from outside the box
into the box. Otherwise we can’t know what is outside the box. This is what Jesus is saying in John
3:12-13.
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John
3:12
"If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you
believe if I tell you heavenly things?
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John
3:13
"No one has ascended to heaven but He who came down from heaven, that
is, the Son of Man who is in heaven.
What
Jesus is saying is that He is the one who is the incarnate revealer of
God. So He has come from heaven into
the box of human limitations so that He can accurately tell man who He is, what
His purpose is, what His meaning is, and what His destiny is. We can hear to have a relationship with
God. We can understand why there is
evil and suffering in the world and that there is resolution to evil and
suffering in the world.
So
He says that He is the way because He tells us how to get to God. He is the truth. What He says conforms to the reality of God’s existence and how
to get there. He is the life because
only when you have that relationship with Him do you have life.
NKJ
John
14:6 Jesus
said to him, "I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the
Father except through Me.
That
is the subject of His conversation with Nicodemus. The conversation begins in John 3:1.
NKJ
John
3:1 There
was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews.
He
came to Jesus at night. It could be that he didn’t want anyone to know that he
was coming to Jesus at night. Nicodemus
is a ruler of the Jews and was the most popular Bible teacher of his time. He may have been busy during the day so that
there was no other time for him to come.
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John
3:2 This
man came to Jesus by night and said to Him, "Rabbi, we know that You are a
teacher come from God; for no one can do these signs that You do unless God is
with him."
He
doesn’t know where to start. He knows
that Jesus turned water into wine. That
is an act of creation. This does not
fit his understanding of reality. He
thought to get to God he had to do works.
Now Jesus has come along and is teaching something different from
that. He backed it up with miraculous
displays and Nicodemus was confused.
All of his life all he had heard was that to have a relationship with God was
through ritual, through ethics, or through morality. And now Jesus is saying something else. This is the problem that
so many people face. They try to find
truth in philosophy and it is bankrupt.
They try to find truth in religion, ethics or morality but it doesn’t
get you anywhere. None of those systems
deal with the basic problem. The basic
problem is what Jesus is going to point out here. It is a problem of man’s condition.
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John
3:3 Jesus
answered and said to him, "Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is
born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God."
The
problem is a problem of birth. You were
born physically alive but you were born spiritually dead. Every single human
being since Adam sinned comes into the world spiritually dead. He can’t have a relationship with God. He
can’t do anything that pleases God. He
can do good works, but on a relative scale they are only good because they are
better than somebody else.
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Romans
3:23 for
all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,
We
are all under condemnation.
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Isaiah
64:6 But we
are all like an unclean thing, And all our righteousnesses are like
filthy rags; We all fade as a leaf, And our iniquities, like the wind, Have
taken us away.
The
best you can do is garbage in God’s sight.
Jesus is saying that if you want to have a relationship with God, you
can’t get there through philosophy. You
can’t get there through ethical obedience.
You can’t get there through ritual because that doesn’t solve the
problem of spiritual death. The only
thing that solves the problem of spiritual death is if are born again. There has to be a new birth. You are physically alive but you are
spiritually dead. There has to be a
birth that gives birth to a new spirit.
Nicodemus
is scratching his head. He is thinking
of physical birth.
NKJ
John
3:4
Nicodemus said to Him, "How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter
a second time into his mother's womb and be born?"
He
can’t.
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John
3:5 Jesus
answered, "Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and
the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.
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John
3:6
"That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the
Spirit is spirit.
The
emphasis is that there is a fleshly birth that is physical birth. There is a
spiritual birth that happens when you put your faith in Jesus Christ as your
savior. This has Nicodemus confused. That is why Jesus said –
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John
3:12
"If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you
believe if I tell you heavenly things?
Then
He makes the issue clear.
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John
3:14
"And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the
Son of Man be lifted up,
This
is a reference of something that happened to the Jews on their way from Egypt
to the Promised Land. They had
disobeyed God and God disciplined them by sending a bunch of serpents that bit
with a fiery and fatal sting. Jews
began to drop left and right because of these venomous vipers. When they finally turn to God all they had
to do was look at the serpent. They do
not have to improve their lives; they don’t have to go through ritual. They don’t have to go through seven or eight
steps or go through various temple rituals.
All they have to do is look at the serpent and they will be saved
because to look there is an act of faith.
It is believing in what He said.
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John
3:15
"that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life.
What
the Bible claims is that the only way to God is put your faith in Him
alone. It is not a matter of your
personal morality, your failure, your success or your personality. It is a matter of trusting in Jesus Christ
alone. It is His righteousness that
saves you. It is never our
righteousness. It is a gift of
God.
This
leads to one of the most famous verses in the Bible.
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John
3:16
"For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that
whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.
This
salvation is available to each and every person.
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John
3:18
"He who believes in Him is not condemned; but he who does not believe is
condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten
Son of God.
What
is the issue? The issue is not works or
morality or religion. It is
belief. The question is that if you are
going to build your life on something, what will it be? Will if be on some philosophy that works for
you? Is your life being built on some
religious system that makes you feel good?
Does it seem to take the edge off of life? By going through some activity does it makes you feel more
acceptable to God?
But
the Bible says all of this is like shifting sand. It is an uncertain foundation and it will collapse.
Up
in New England where I lived there is a phenomenon of wooden covered bridges
that carried wagons from one side to another.
They worked for a while. But if
you tried to take a semi-truck across one of those bridges, it would go into
the water. It is a perfect illustration
of all the different thought systems and religious systems in the world. They provide a sense of stability and seem
to work for a while. But they can’t
carry the load of the real issues of life.
They can’t answer the questions related to the existence of sin, evil
and injustice. They can’t answer the questions of the meaning and purpose of
man. It falls apart eventually. Other systems are bankrupt. The religious systems of the Jews were
bankrupt. The religious systems of the
world are bankrupt.
The
only solution is Jesus Christ. The
issue is do you believe He died on the cross for your sins? He made an exclusive statement.
NKJ
John
14:6 Jesus
said to him, "I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the
Father except through Me.
No
one, it doesn’t matter how good you are, can come to the Father except through
the Son. That sounds like a pretty
arrogant statement. Some people just
bristle when they hear anything about the Christian gospel because they believe
it claims to be the only way. But you
see that if you understand all that the Bible says about Christianity, about
God, and the sinful condition of man; then you understand that this is the only
way that it could every work because it is not dependent upon a sinful and
fallen creature. It is dependent solely
upon God.
Next
time we will look at truth and how God’s truth constantly invades history. Yet man because he is fundamentally oriented
against God consistently seeks to put his own spin on that truth. Next time we will see how truth has been
revealed from Genesis through Revelation.
We will see the issue of truth and why it is so fundamental.