Clough Proverbs Lesson 31

History of Herod’s Family: First and Second Generations

 

I’d like to answer some of the questions that people have handed in on the white cards.  The first question is: regarding your comment about the creation revealing clearly the nature of God, you sound as if you ascribe to some sort of natural theology.  Some wings of the Church have carried in the past natural theology to ridiculous extremes.  Other more conservative schools have rejected in practice or in doctrine any knowledge of God from the creation, in spite of Romans 1:18-20.  Does natural theology have any merit at all?  If so, how is it to be balanced with the more traditional systematic theology from God’s Word?  I wouldn’t want to attempt a detailed answer to this because it’s already been well answered in a volume which is available in our church library by Carl S. H. Henry called Revelation and the Bible.  And in there you’ll find a number of chapters devoted to the problem of natural theology and special revelation.  Generally speaking it’s simply this, that the world being created by God has a certain structure in it, and if you know special revelation then you can turn around and interpret general revelation.  And there are analogies in nature with man because this is the basis of all parables.  When Jesus is teaching by parable what is He doing?  Isn’t he teaching by citing truths from the natural system and applying them to spiritual areas?

 

Second question:  I heard you say before that there is godly use for defense mechanisms.  Could you explain in more detail and give examples from the Word.  Many of the defense mechanisms are in use most of the time, the only evil use of the defense mechanisms and the one that I emphasize over and over here is when these are used against your conscience. For example, take sanity or something, the idea of dreaming of another world, there are various reasons why you might do that.  One is to protect against the threat of the world but another is the creative artist, who would be generating a fantasy world because of creativity.  So there would be an illustration of fantasy applied in a creative way.

 

The third question:  I’ve been listening to the psychology of the soul series; you speak there of a defilement of the conscience by sin, and including the conscience in the category of the human spirit.  You also mention that 1 John 1:9 is a way of elimination for the spirit. Do you mean by this that sin and rebellion originates in the human spirit?  Yes, there are two good Bible references that show the human spirit’s defilement: 2 Corinthians 7:1 and 1 Thessalonians 5:22.  If you look at those two verses you’ll see where the human spirit is involved in personal guilt. 

 

Another question: is the kingdom idea that the Gentiles had was apostate, what was God’s righteous outworking of the fourth divine institution into history before He tried the kingdom?  Well it also was part of the kingdom and the answer is that there are two forms of kingdom, one is the human viewpoint form and the other is the divine viewpoint form.  Obviously it’s which is the king of the kingdom, man when he tries to attain kingdom under Nimrod the first time in history, he tries to center it upon man, so it’s the kingdom of man and it’s an apostate kingdom.  Why?  Not because of its kingdom but because it’s got the wrong king for the kingdom.  And if God is the king of the kingdom then you have a divine viewpoint kingdom.

 

Another question:  Does the cursing of the family through the third and fourth generations happen only with believers and their families?  If not, why, then have communist leaders and their families gone on?  The answer for this is that this is related to the third divine institution, divine institutions apply to both believers and unbelievers and this applies to unbelievers as well as believers.  And we’re going to see an illustration of that in about five minutes.  The second answer to the question about why communism has gone is because obviously communism hasn’t gone on for four generations.  It only started in Russia in 1917; you’ve only had time for two generations.  In families where you have a pronounced atheistic element in defiance against God’s Word it would be interesting to see what happens in the third and fourth generations, and already in the Russian intelligentsia you are seeing the Russian intellectuals are rebelling in vast numbers against materialism and coming over to Christianity; there have been many, many cases of this in recent years, so the cut-off principle would not apply there.

 

Shall we begin by turning to Proverbs 4, we’re still in the fourth chapter, we’re still on the family.  As we took time out when we went through Proverbs 3 to study the application of the personal discipline of Proverbs 3, we went to Hebrews 12 and other passages to show you how living the Christian life is a deeply personal thing and how God treats each one of us personally.  We are not plugged into God like an IBM machine; we are plugged into Him in no way like that; we are actually part of His family, He treats us as a Father.

 

Now in Proverbs 4 we have been dealing with the principles of the family so that you could see why in Proverbs 4 there’s this emphasis upon the father teaching the son, and why Solomon says here that my father taught me these things.  Proverbs 4:4, “He taught me also, and said unto me, Let thine heart retain my words;” and we have studied two principles of the family that are involved and these are part and parcel of the design of the family.  For example, we have the cut-off principle and that is that God says He will allow –R learned behavior patterns to go on and intensify from father to son only for four generations after which He will break it off, some of them.  Now other –R learned behavior patterns He doesn’t seem to bother with.  But those that have particular spiritual significance as to gospel hearing he breaks the family because of this.  For example, if you tend to have a self-righteousness in your family, this is a very dangerous trait; this is worse than having the flagrant seeds of immorality in your family.  If you have a developing self-righteousness this is always minus grace and always people that are brought up in a self-righteousness environment are always down on grace, they can’t stand grace, they make excellent legalists, often attend church regularly, but still never really get with the Word.  They are just always up tight and never can relax and insist that it’s good works that sanctifies the believer.  And these people are very miserable and they make their whole family miserable and ultimately they will bring the cut-off principle in on top of them and their children.

 

So the first principle of the family is this cut-off principle. We illustrated this by Abraham’s family; we showed how Abraham had a certain self-righteousness, a certain tendency not to trust in grace in a moment of crisis; he passed this on to the second generation, Isaac.  Isaac developed it, passed it on to Jacob; Jacob really developed it and passed it on to his twelve sons, after which time God dumped the whole family in Egypt and made them cool their heels for 400 years.  So for this sin in the family God operated in a strong way in a chastening way upon that family.  And here you have one of the reasons why children suffer.  There are many reasons why believers suffer.  One of the reasons why you may be suffering today is because God’s action upon you to purge out of your soul various characteristics that you’ve picked up because of your family.  And family inheritance in this way is a source of sorrow and misery in the Christian life until it is straightened out.  And it obviously was a source of misery for four hundred years of the Hebrews who lived under slavery in Egypt.  Why were they living under slavery?  Why were these believers suffering?  Because of the sins of the fathers and because God said I will visit the iniquity of the father upon the children to the third and fourth generation of them that hate Me.  So we have, then, the origin of suffering and the suffering can be brought on by this principle.

Then we have a second principle that we illustrated last time and that was the momentum principle.  Here we have an illustration from Noah’s sons and we have an illustration from Solomon, in which we have the father and the father is on positive volition, establishes positive learned behavior patterns for his family, then his sons, though his sons later go on negative volition, will inherit the blessings of his father’s positive volition, so that God will not bring heavy discipline in upon the second generation if the first generation has been very godly and the second generation can more or less coast.  And it’s the understanding of this principle that will prevent misery in the third generation because if you happen to be in this position, if you are a believer and you have had godly parents, parents that have understood the Word of God, who taught you the Word, led you to Jesus Christ, and you have not been up to spiritual par, you have not gone along with what you inherited from your parents by way of spiritual understand­ing and you still seem to be reasonably blessed in life, the tendency you will have is to just relax further spiritually because you can’t see any cause and effect, you can’t see how departure from the Word has bothered your life that much and my father and my mother, you can say, well, they were just old fogies and so on and I don’t have to go along with all their views and all that baggage.  Look at me, I’m enjoying myself, I’m relaxed and I have blessing. Well, the reason you have blessing is simply because God is allowing the momentum of your parents to affect you and you’re riding on their momentum.

 

However, the shocker is going to come when you deal with your children because they’re out of the range of the momentum principle, it doesn’t carry two generations; it only carries one generation and you’re going to be very lax in your taking in of the Word of God and everything comes first, the Word of God comes second and sooner or later your children wind up as monsters and are juvenile delinquents and you wonder what happened.  Well what happened is that that they just went on the way you trained them to go on. 

 

Today we’re going to give an illustration from history, this Sunday and next Sunday of the family of the Herods, and we are going to study Herod the Great and the three generations of his sons.  They occur, all four generations, in the pages of the New Testament.  We meet these great political giants and they are a beautiful illustration of these principles operating in a family.  Herod the Great was the man who was known in the Bible as the man who slaughtered the innocents in Matthew 2.  His son, he had several sons and one of these, his name is Herod Antipas.  Herod Antipas is mad and he slaughtered John the Baptist.  And both these men die in miserable conditions.  Then there’s another son called Agrippa I; Agrippa I we meet in the book of Acts and he slaughtered James.  And then Agrippa II, we meet him in the book of Acts; he hears Paul tell him about Christ and drops dead. So we have four generations of people who are tremendous political leaders of their time and we’re going to study those and study how they reach us in the pages of the New Testament. 

 

It’s a fascinating story and several books have been written and are available to you; Perrone’s book, The Life of the Herods, and also Bob Thieme a number of years ago did a tremendous tape on the details of this group and since that time a seminary professor at Dallas Seminary has done work on some of the later Herods.  There are a lot of source materials for those of you who are interested in history and would like to pursue this further.  We only are going to touch on the very, very slim details of this just to give you an illustration from real history of how the cut-off principle applies to a family of unbelievers.  Remember, divine institutions… always remember this; divine institutions do not apply just to believers.  Divine institution number one is responsibility; it applies to believer and unbeliever.  Divine institution number two is marriage; it applies to believers and unbelievers.  Divine institution number three is family; it applies to believers and unbelievers.  So we can expect to see these principles operate whether a family is made up of believers or they are not.  God is still God; God has still made a family to be a family, and God is still the Creator. So therefore, regardless of whether any given family is born again or not born again they still encounter this principle.

 

Now first we have to go to Matthew 2 where we meet the person of Herod.  We will first introduce Herod from Matthew 2, then we go to history to get some background on Herod the Great, then we will come back to Matthew 2 so you can understand why he reacts the way he’s reacting in this passage of Scripture.  Matthew 2:1, “Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod, the king, behold, there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem.”  Now [can’t understand word] in verse 1 is a member of [can’t understand word] which to understand you must have some grasp of history.  So therefore we’re going to first go to history and understand who this man, Herod, is and what he was like.

 

First of all we go to the background of Herod.  Herod was born in the years 73 BC, he died in the year 4 BC which shows you, therefore, Jesus Christ was born not on the year of zero or 1 AD, Jesus Christ was probably born in the year 6 or 7 BC because He is born before Herod died and Herod died in 4 BC.  So Herod lived some 69 years.  He died a reasonably old man but as we’re going to see he died a very, very horrible death.  His father was a man by the name of Antipas.  This name occurs in the Herod family again as they name their sons after this man, Antipater rather, and Antipater was an influential Arab who had some, apparently, Jewish blood in his family but he was a Jew by religion, not by race.  And during the first century before Christ there was a lot of political give and take to Palestine.  You remember the Romans came in and conquered… first Alexander had come in and then the empire had split up between some of his generals, and finally, you had some give and take going on, to the Romans came into the area. 

 

Well, there was a lot of political intrigue, a lot of spying, a lot of warfare, and a lot of changing political structures, power structures over that part of the world at that time.  But there was a family who was involved in a revolt, a very famous revolt, you’ve probably heard of them, the Maccabees.  And the name of that family was the Hasmoneans.  The Hasmonean family was a Jewish group, highly orthodox.  The exciting story of the freedom fighters of the Hasmonean family was found in the books of the Apocrypha, which if you have a Roman Catholic Bible will be found at the end of the Old Testament.  Protestants have this available, the RSV has a small volume of the Apocrypha and it’s very interesting reading if you read 1 and 2 Maccabees, because it’s the story of how the Hasmonean family attained political freedom for a short interval before the time of Jesus Christ.  We had certain emperors who came in and they began to defile the thing and these men, (?), Judas Maccabeus, and his relatives, his brother and his father, started off a one-family revolt against the system, and finally freed the Holy Land so that by the time of Herod the Hasmonean family was a very strong, strong family. 

 

However, along with the Hasmonean family there came this Arab by the name of Antipater; Antipater was a man who was a tremendous businessman.  And the first thing that he had against him was that he had come from what was then called Idumea, which actually is a derivative of Edom.  And he is therefore genetically related to Esau and he was an Arab.  And so therefore Herod’s father was never really liked by the Jews because he always had Arab blood and the Jews always remembered this to his dying day and to his son’s dying day, that these men who moved into the land were part Arab and although Herod did everything he could to pacify the Jews he could never get over the fact that his father was an Arab.


His father attained political dominance in the middle of the Roman politics; he was able to advise his way in, he was able to sell and buy and so on, act as a merchantman, and he got tremendous economic power and finally economic power led to political power and he had himself appointed as the procurator of Judea under the Romans.  Then Antipater decided he had a son by the name of Herod; Herod’s father, this Herod, the first Herod is called Herod the Great.  And Herod was a man who was described in ancient documents as very tall, very handsome, he had dark curly hair, he was an athlete and a wrestler, he was probably an officer in the Roman army, and his father, Antipater, decided he had enough money that he was going to provide the best possible education for his son.  So his son went to the best schools, had the best education.  His son also had military training as all men who had a proper education in the ancient world had at that time; he had a sound military training and was very good in the Roman army. 

 

Later, however, as Herod came into political dominance the Romans would not let him engage as an army officer because they didn’t want him killed.  So Herod not only had a bad background as an Arab father, but he also had something else to his character that the Jews always were suspicious of and that was the he had tremendous alliance with the Romans.  He was very closely affiliated with the Romans. So he already really had two strikes against him. 

 

And there began to be a rivalry develop between Herod, and this went on for generations, between Herod and the Hasmonean family.  The Hasmoneans, remember, were all Jew.  The Hasmoneans had attained political freedom and they were connected with the priesthood.  We’ll see what Herod’s going to do with the priesthood when he gets in office.  But Herod had to fight the Hasmonean family; he thought always that he was the underdog; Herod was the man who no one appreciated, yet Herod was the man that had done everything for the Jews.


Now Herod, besides having a good education, he was also a very smart man.  Now some people have a good education and are still stupid and a good education isn’t going to solve their problem.  But Herod was a genius as well as having a good education and not only was he smart in the academic area, he was also an excellent leader.  So when he came back from Rome after his education… by the way, all these families used to ship their sons off to Rome and this plays a tremendous role in some of the political intrigues of the New Testament.  That’s why Jesus Christ Himself makes mention of one of these little trips to Rome in one of His sermons.

 

But Herod came back from Rome and Antipater, his father, was procurator of Judea, and he had two sons and Herod he appointed over Galilee.  Now this is also giving you some background as to Herod’s certain… how he acts toward Galileans and people from that area.  Herod was appointed over Galilee as the military commander in that area and in Galilee at the time there were these bandits. They actually controlled a lot of the roads that went up through here, the Sea of Galilee, and travelers would travel around the Sea of Galilee and get raided, robbed, raped and killed by these goons that inhabited the hills.  So Herod took that as a personal challenge and moved in with his soldiers and killed every one of them.  And he didn’t follow the Supreme Court and everything else, and he decided he’d execute them on the spot.  And one day after a raid he found the chief of the bandits, and he interviewed him, and he took his sword out and cut his head off right there.  And the Sanhedrin down in Jerusalem resented this very deeply because they said they alone had the right of capital punishment in the land, and Herod should have cleared it with them before he went ahead and executed this head of the bandit. 

 

So now Herod has three strikes against him.  Not only is he an Arab, not only does he have marked affiliations with the Romans, but now he has offended the Sanhedrin.  And the Sanhedrin never forget and never forgive.  So Herod decides later on in his career, he just takes care of the problem by having an assassination squad go in and he eliminates the Sanhedrin.  And so this is the give and take that goes on; this is the kind of person that Herod’s come to be. 

 

Now in 34 BC his father is poisoned.  This again is part and parcel of the whole thing; his father is poisoned and he becomes the tetrarch.  But no sooner does Herod become the tetrarch when the Parthians invade.  Now to the northeast, and this is background, you remember this because in Matthew 2 you watch where the wise men are from.  To the northeast there’s a group of people called the Parthians.  The Romans had trouble with the Parthians for generations; they never could seem to quell the Parthians.  So therefore Palestine acted as… the Romans wouldn’t see it on a military map, as a buffer between these Parthian bands, and they always had to have somebody in charge of Palestine who had the military capability of defending the eastern boundary of the Roman Empire from the Parthians. 

 

Well the background goes back to the year 34 when Herod is appointed as the Tetrarch in this area.  He succeeds his father and immediately he’s deposed; the Parthians invade and take over, largely through an alliance with the Hasmoneans.  Herod decides the only thing to do is to go to Rome, and you’ll see this tendency in the Herod family, any time they’re in trouble they run to Rome.  So he takes a boat to Rome and goes to Rome and He gets Mark Antony and Octavius to declare him as the king of the Jews.  This is also background for the Gospels.  And Herod’s official title now is “the king of the Jews.”  Antony and Octavius both agree to officially call Herod king of the Jews. 

 

But there’s only one problem; though he has the title “king of the Jews,” he’s not king of the Jews because he doesn’t have a kingdom.  So Herod, with the title, king of the Jews plus nothing, goes back and raises an army, and he is going to conquer the Jews, destroy the Hasmonean power, and throw out the Parthians, which he does; this happened in 37… no, excuse me, I’m wrong in this date, it was 44 BC, He was appointed the king of the Jews in 40 BC, he was appointed the king of the Jews in 40 BC, and in 37 BC he had eliminated the Parthians.  So for three years Herod struggled to attain his kingdom.

 

During this time, after he settled down in 37, he threw the Parthians out, he was a building contractor.  He got in the building contracting business and built a large number of buildings.  In fact, the city of Samaria, which we meet in John 4, was actually a produce of Herod’s.  He called it Sebaste which is the Greek word that answers to the Latin word for Augustus, and he built Sebaste after the Caesar, Caesar Augustus.  He built also Caesarea which we meet in the New Testament.  He also built fortifications and one of his great accomplishments was that on the hills he would set up signals, signal devices, and Herod had a system of signal corps in the Roman army where he could find out what was going on in any part of Palestine within two hours, and that was without telegraph, that was without any modern system of communication but simply through this signal system that he had.  And on many hills… in fact archeologists still find these foundations where he had his soldiers up with various systems of signaling. 

 

So Herod was a great contractor and I want you to see these details for one reason: they show that Herod tried to pacify the Jews; in spite of his background Herod realized that he must pacify the Jews to hold the ground.  And he did it by the system of good works.  He did everything he could for the Jew; beginning in 19 BC he began his most ambitious project which was reconstruction of the temple.  Jesus Christ refers to Herod’s construction in John 2.  So Herod begins constructing the temple again, not that it had fallen down but that it was small and he wanted the Jews to have a magnificent structure so that by the time of Jesus’ day Herod’s temple was a fantastic wonder in the ancient world.  This is why Jesus Christ in Matthew 25 walks by that Herod’s temple and He says to His disciples: disciples, you see these stones, do you see this wonder of the ancient world, I tell you that one stone shall not remain upon another.  And so Christ is actually preaching against Herod’s temple in Matthew 25.  Herod was also interested in cultural things; he hired a historian by the name of Nicolas of Damascus; unfortunately this man’s books have been lost, preserved only in Josephus.  But he originally wrote a 144 volume universe and history of the world and this was one of the major cultural projects of Herod.  

 

So I’m giving you this to show you that Herod was not just some sort of a goon.  By the time we meet him in Matthew 2 things have happened to him, but originally Herod was a genius; he was a man who had done lots for the ancient world.  By the way, Herod was the one that started the Olympic games up, after the Greek culture declined the Olympic games died out and Herod was the man, as a wrestler he decided he had to have a place to wrestle and so he wanted… he was a sports fans and he wanted a place for going and viewing the games.  So he built up Athens and started the Olympic Games again.  So you can see that Herod did things, not only for Palestine but he did things throughout the ancient world.  He was brilliant, he was a contractor, he was a historian, he was also raised as a Jew.  Antipater raised his son as a Jew and made him study the Old Testament, so that Herod not only knew the Roman history, he had a vast knowledge through Nicolas of Damascus, but he also was an ardent student of the Old Testament.  So Herod had a tremendous background.

 

But now we begin to watch a man who goes on negative volition.  He had the Old Testament and he went apparently on negative volition to the revelation that he knew from the Old Testament, even before Jesus Christ.  He had gone on negative volition; he began to develop two peculiar behavior patterns in his life.  One behavior pattern was a behavior pattern of salving his conscience by good works.  Instead of dealing with the problem he would try to gloss over the problem.  Now obviously you can see how he go in this; as an Arab he never was respected by the Jew so he had to sell himself to the Jews by a system of good works.  At one time the Jews were dying of starvation and he took five million dollars out of his personal treasury and paid for their food bill for a whole year.  Herod was a man who made about fifty million in several years of his life and he had all the money that was necessary so it didn’t bother him.  But he was philanthropic, he centered on great good works.

 

And the other phase to his life that we see is the developing paranoia.  This is actually part of what we would call isolation and when he faces a problem he begins to isolate himself from people and begins to feel that people are picking on him.  And he develops this concept that everybody is out for him.  Now obviously he had some evidence that people were out for him.  First of all, he was an Arab, and a Jew, the Hasmonean family didn’t care for Arabs, so he obviously… they had poisoned his father so he had some evidence that people were out for him.  However, Herod also had access to the pages of the Old Testament where there are tremendous promises.  He knew the psalms of David; Herod could have trusted those promises and relaxed and said all right, I have political enemies, I know people are after me but I’m going to just trust the promises: casting all my care upon Him for He cares for me.  Herod could have responded to the Word of God but he didn’t.

 

And now we begin to watch his life develop and these two patterns of behavior become common.  First of all, he marries a girl by the name of Doris, and out of this union he has a son by the name of Antipater, whom he names after his father, obviously.  Antipater is the firstborn son of Herod.  But after he marries Doris he gets his eyes on another girl and this particular girl has two things going for her as far as Herod is concerned.  Her name is Mariamne; Mariamne turns out to be a daughter of one of the noble women in the Hasmonean family and so Herod says aha, not only is this girl a looker but she has political influence.  And so he dumps Doris, divorces her, gets rid of her, and goes over to Mariamne.  And the thing of it is, of all the… he had five wives eventually, and of all his wives he really loved Mariamne.  So this was not just a political marriage, it was also a marriage based on love.  And he loved this girl, she was a very attractive Jewish girl and she was a member of this noble family, the Hasmoneans, against which he had all of his problems.

 

Now everything is going along fine until he discovered that Mariamne had a very domineering mother, and so Herod’s first problem was his mother-in-law, who was in the Hasmonean family.  And no sooner had her daughter married Herod but Alexandria, who was this woman’s name, and a very eloquent noble lady in the Hasmonean family decided she was going to push her son-in-law a little bit and she had a son and she said now Herod, I know all the shenanigans that you did to get rid of Doris and if you don’t want this spread across the land, and you don’t want me to irritate the Jews some more, you make my son high priest.  And Herod was politician enough to realize that for the moment the old lady had him.  And so he went along and removed the man that he had appointed as high priest and he put in this lady’s son.  He never liked this thing and Mariamne put pressure on, although Herod loved Mariamne, Mariamne always knew that it was basically a political marriage and she never really lover her husband in return. 

 

And she and her mother got together and got this high priest thing going and Herod says all right, and here his works come out as a politician, he decided to arrange a little accident and so he invited the high priest in for a swim in one of the swimming pools around Jerusalem and he had a little accident happen where he fell in the pool and somehow he drowned in the pool, and it turns out that only three or four people were present and all were members of Herod’s personal body guard and nobody understand what happens, but this boy somehow drowned in the pool.  Now after this, Mariamne, of course, and her mother suspected foul play but they never had any evidence of it because nobody was there, it was just one of those accidents that happened.  And interestingly, after this man was drowned in the pool guess who became high priest?  Herod’s friend.  So this is how he worked with his in-laws.

 

Now after that he had two sons by Mariamne, and these two sons play a vital role in the subsequent life of Herod.  One was the name of Alexander, and the other was a name by the name of Aristobulus.  Aristobulus and Alexander were two sons raised under Herod.  Now watch what is happening.  First we have a –R learned behavior pattern on the part of Herod the Great.  What are their sons exposed to all the time in the palace?  What do they notice their father doing?  Political intrigue, good works, if you have a problem get the other person before they get you.  So Alexander and Aristobulus were shipped off to Rome for their education.  But while they were in Rome they decided that they had learned some things from their father that they’d apply on their father.  And since they were sons of Mariamne and since, therefore they were strong Jews, they were related to the Hasmonean family, while these two sons were away studying in Rome they decided to get friendly with Caesar.  And they tried to get some plots going where they could take the throne away from their father and use it for themselves.  Plus the fact during all of this Antipater, who was Herod’s other son by Doris, he got involved with the same thing. 

 

Well, Herod finally finds out about this and so in 7 BC he brings his sons home and he says I hear you boys have been playing games in Rome.  And they say what do you know about that?  And he says I have friends in Rome, and so therefore my friends, this is it, and he slaughters these sons.  And in 7 BC he kills both Alexander and Aristobulus.  And it was this act that prompted Caesar Augustus to make a quip in the Roman court that was famous in the ancient world.  To get the background for the quip you have to understand the Jews don’t eat pork.  And in the Greek the word for pig looks like this: hus and the word for son looks like this, huios, and Caesar August said it is better to be Herod’s hus than his huios.  And this went around and was a symbol of Herod’s tremendous cruelty, Caesar Augustus’s statement.  The Caesars were cruel but Herod outdid the Caesars; Caesar Augustus just was amazed.  At one point before Alexander and Aristobulus were executed, Caesar Augustus tried to intervene on behalf of Herod’s sons and Herod would have nothing to do with it.  And this just amazed, a man as cruel and as tough as Caesar, just was appalled at the cruelty and the toughness of this man Herod.

 

By the way, before he killed this he finally got fed up with Mariamne and her mother and destroyed her.  So he murdered the women he loved and then he murdered both sons that he had by her.  And people say, historians say that by this time Herod was becoming mentally off; obviously.  And so it’s at this point that we meet him in Matthew 2.  So by the time we meet him in Matthew 2 you see a lot of things have happened. 

 

Now let’s see… you can imagine with this background now this hits him.  Wise men come from the East.  Now that’s the first thing that’s wrong as far as Herod’s concerned.  Let’s try to look at this thing from Herod’s point of view.  Here he is; since 40 BC he has fought, killed, destroyed, built buildings, engaged in every form of how to fit the whole new kingdom together and now come these three wise men from where?  From the East, out in the area where the Parthians are.  And this is an area where his enemies are.  Furthermore, in the city of Jerusalem he had an underground Parthian party that were always ready to assassinate him and his family and take over the government.  So immediately what hacked off Herod is the fact that these wise men are coming from the East, from exactly the place where his enemies are. 

 

And then they said, Matthew 2:2, “Where is he that is born King of the Jews?”  Now that was a deliberate slap at Herod because he was decreed king of the Jews by Antony and Octavius in 40 BC.  So here comes people out of the area of the Parthians, they walk into his city and they start asking who “is born King of the Jews.”  And the Jews don’t have any king you see; the only king they’ve got is Herod, and he’s the only king they’ve had since 586 BC.  And along come these people, suspicious, coming out of nowhere, suddenly looking around for “he that is born King of the Jews.”  Well, now with the historical background I’ve given you, a man who is already slaughtered his own sons because they were trying to get his throne away from him, a man who has murdered the woman he loved, what’s he going to do.  –R learned behavior patterns takes over right here.  Now watch what happens. 

 

Matthew 2:3, “When Herod, the king, had heard these things, he was troubled,” and notice, “all Jerusalem with him.”  Do you know why all Jerusalem was troubled with Herod?  They were afraid of a blood purge.  It wasn’t that they worried about Jesus Christ, they were worried, oh no, Herod thinks that someone’s born King of the Jews, well we know that means, that’s going to be a political purge.  And so all Jerusalem was shaking with Herod.  Herod was mad and the Jews were afraid, and Jerusalem was a mess as a result of these wise men coming in. 

 

Matthew 2:4, “And when he had gathered all the cp and scribes of the people together,” notice what he did in verse 4, “he demanded of them where Christ should be born.  [5] And they said unto him, In Bethlehem of Judea; for thus it is written by the prophet, [6] And thou Bethlehem,” and so on and so on.  Now in verses 4, 5 and 6 it shows something else about Herod.  Remember I said he wasn’t a Jew by birth but he was a Jew by the way he was raised.  Herod knew the Old Testament.  Herod had rejected the Old Testament and here you see his rejection coming out into force.  Here the light of the world has come in and because he did not like the [light of the] world but he preferred darkness he rejected.  And so here we have Herod knowing clearly, a supernatural prophecy that there’s a village down the road from the city of Jerusalem, Herod, you know it, you studied the Old Testament, you’ve gone over these Scriptures as a young man and you know all about it, because notice even in verse 4 when the wise men come and they say “Where is He that is born King of the Jews,” what does Herod ask?  Where is he born?  No, in verse 4, “Where should Messiah be born.”  Herod knows enough about the Old Testament to know there’s got to be a Messiah, and Herod knows enough about the Old Testament to know that in the Bible there are prophecies about Messiah and I want to find out where they are.

 

So here you have a man who has been on negative volition for at least a decade, a man who has consciously rejected the Word of God, a man who therefore in rejection has begun to develop these patterns in his life, now is faced with a greater light of the Word, as Christ Himself, and rejects again.  Matthew 2:7, “And Herod, when he had privately called the wise men, inquired of them diligently what time the star appeared?”  Notice the word “diligently,” Herod was a thorough going politician; he was a military commander, he did an interrogation of these wise men and he knew every single detail about this star, he marked it on the calendar, he had tremendous information about the birth of Jesus Christ.  Herod had the opportunity right here to believe but Herod rejected.

 

And then furthermore, in Matthew 2:8 what does he say?  “And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said, Go and search diligently for the young child; and when you have round him, bring my word again, that I may come and worship him also.”  And this shows you even more his negative volition.  Herod knew enough about Messiah that he knew Messiah had to be God-man, and he knew that if that was the Messiah he, Herod, would have to worship.  And so he plays the game with the wise men.  See his rebellion?  He knows what the Scripture said, he has heard the Scriptures taught, but he still rejects and hardens his heart.  And so he says yeah, go ahead, find him, I know Messiah has to be God and I want to come worship him.  And so he puts on the front to the wise men.

 

And then Matthew 2:14, the wise men come, band by the way, interesting historical detail, obviously you see in this there are two provisions of God the Father to Joseph.  Joseph is the head of the family; the girl that he’s about to marry has just had a virgin birth and you imagine how that went over.  And then he decides that we’ve got a problem here, the wise men have gone out of town and we know that Herod’s going to come in and destroy and so Joseph being a poor Nazarite, where do you think he’s going to get the money?  Here is God’s provision; what do you think the three wise men gave Mary and Joseph?  They gave them enough money so that Joseph could take the family down in Egypt and stay there for a long vacation, until Herod died; it must have been at least a year or two.  And so there you see, involved in all of this, one reason why the three wise men came and gave valuable gifts to the family.  Those gifts Joseph probably had to sell in order to live and make the trip all the way down to Egypt and back again. 

 

So they go down and in Matthew 2:16, “When Herod saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceedingly angry,” and by this time people in history can relate to us how cruel Herod was, and remember he is the murderer of his wife, the slaughterer of his sons, so he decided he’d “slew all the children that were in Bethlehem and all the boundaries thereof,” that’s not the coasts of Israel, that’s jut the town of Bethlehem, “from two years old and under, according to the time which he had diligently inquired of the wise men.”  That is, the star had appeared two years prior to this time.

 

So now Herod does a genocide; this is an act of genocide against the Jewish males of the village of Bethlehem, and he slaughters them.  And you say what a horrible thing.  Well, this was unnoticed in the ancient world because Herod the Great was known for his cruelty.  Hadn’t Caesar August said it’s better to be Herod’s pig than his son?  So if he killed his own sons it’s obvious that this is just a small drop in the bucket as far as Herod is concerned. 

 

Now it’s interesting that right after this, or somehow during this time period, the latter days of his life, he fell into a tremendous disease, and many people, including Josephus, though they don’t mention the slaughter of the innocents in Matthew 2, point out that the disease of Herod the Great was a judgment of God upon him.  And Herod the Great, the man who was so handsome, the man that had everything, the man that was the great military genius, a man who had a great education, he was a great leader, he was a wonderful politician, who had such influence in Rome, this is the man who is going to die a very horrible death.

 

And I’m going to read you some excerpts from Josephus to describe how his death occurred.  Josephus’ source is Nicolas of Damascus, who is the court historian in Herod’s palace.  Now why this is important is because later we are going to watch his sons who commit the same sin of their father and we’re going to watch how they die.  So it’s important, therefore, that you see how Herod dies. 

 

In Book 17, chapter 6 of The Antiquities of the Jews, Josephus, “But Herod now fell into a distemper, and made his will,” so obviously he’s becoming mentally unstable, he senses that he is going to die, “and as he despaired of recovering, for he was about the seventieth year of his age, he grew fierce, and indulged the bitterest anger upon all occasions; the cause whereof was this, that he thought himself despised,” see the paranoia again developing, -R learned behavior patterns, “and that the nation was pleased with his misfortunes;” he never was acceptable to the Jews and he resented them. And whether they resented him or not he resented them deeply; he said I have done everything for these Jewish people and they still do not love me, they still do not accept me.  And he had deep resentment in his heart. 

 

At one point he tried to commit suicide and started to plunge the knife into his chest, and he was restrained by his friends nearby.  His eldest son, Antipater, who had not yet been slaughtered by this time, you watch what happens here in a moment, he has slaughtered already Alexander and Aristobulus.  Well, while he was in the palace one day he got despondent, he took a knife and he was about to plunge it in his chest and some friends grabbed the blade and when they did so the servants in the palace thought that he had killed himself.  And so this moan went up through the palace that Herod had killed himself. 

 

Well down in one of the dungeons he had put Antipater and Antipater heard this thing, oh, my father is dead, great, great, and so he said hey, he called the jailor down to his cell and he said listen, I’ll make a deal with you, you let me out now since dad’s dead, and now I’ll put you in a big high position.  But the jailor knew that Herod had not killed himself so he went back to Herod and told him that Antipater had tried to make a deal with him.  And so Herod as he was still having this tremendous disease, I’ll show you in a moment, he got off his bed with one arm and he said guards, bring me Antipater, and they brought Antipater in, now kill him right here so I can see it.  And so one of his last acts was the slaughter of Antipater, his firstborn, who was in line for all of this property.  So his third son is killed this way. 

 

But Josephus describes how he died five days after he slaughtered Antipas.  “A fire glowed in him slowly, which did not so much appear to the touch outwardly, as it augmented his pains inwardly; for it brought upon him a vehement appetite to eating, which he could not avoid to supply with one sort of food or other. His entrails were also ex-ulcerated, and the chief violence of his pain lay on his colon; an aqueous and transparent liquor also had settled itself about his feet, and a like matter afflicted him at the bottom of his belly.  Nay, further, his privy-member was putrefied, and produced worms; and when he sat upright, he had a difficulty of breathing, which was very loathsome, on account of the stench of his breath, and the quickness of its returns; he had also convulsions in all parts of his body,” and this was how Herod the Great died.  Very nice and pleasant isn’t it; it gives you all the gory details to let you see how God deals with this kind of a man that you meet in Matthew 2. 

 

But now we come to the second generation.  You say where’s the second generation, I thought he killed them all.  Well, he tried, but he also had three other wives and so he didn’t run out of women any way; he had Malthace who was the wife by whom he bore two men, and these are two men that we’ll meet later in the Gospels.  One is Archelaus and the other son that he had by this woman is Antipas.  He is known in history as Herod Antipas or Herod the Fox.  This is the man that Jesus Christ called, “Herod, that fox,” it’s not the father, it’s the son, Antipas.  And so we have these two sons by Malthace, and then he marries another woman by the name of Mariamne and has by her a boy by the name of Philip.  He also has another wife, Cleopatra, not Cleopatra the famous one, and by her he has another boy by the name of Philip.  Now the Philip that he had by Mariamne, this later woman, he was a man who kept by himself, was a private citizen and got out of the whole royal family; he decided he’d had enough, he had seen… he probably heard about his grandfather getting poisoned, he had seen his father die a very horrible death and he wanted nothing to do with it so this boy gets out of the politics and goes into private family.  We’ll see, however, how he plays a role later one.

 

But let’s go to this Philip who is the son of Cleopatra.  He became a tetrarch.  Now after Herod died the Holy Land was split up this way: you have Archelaus given Judea; you have Antipas ruling in Galilee, notice the Galilean theme that comes on here again and again, and Antipas also had the territory to the south, the territory to the north, Archelaus had the real territory centering around Jerusalem and Philip had the area over to the northeast.  Now Philip, the son of Cleopatra of Jerusalem, was a very just and fair man.  He improved the just system; he inherited his father’s genius.  But apparently, whether he was a believer or not we don’t know, God’s Word doesn’t record much about this man but we do know from secular records that he was a very just and fair ruler. 

 

He was so just in fact that he would bring his judgment seat… now this is the background, by the way, you see the judgment seat in Corinthians; a judgment seat was an actual seat that was brought by chariot into a market place, the ruler would sit down on the judgment seat and he would judge right there on the spot.  And in that day, as well as in our own, they had problems with delay of justice.  So Philip decided he would speed the processes of justice up and he had a special chariot built and he would haul his judgment seat around from town to town and he’d judge people on the spot, guilty or innocent, guilty or innocent, like this.  And he was therefore known as the man who did a lot of reform in the judicial system of his time and produced a very wonderful area out to the northeast part.  So this man passes off the scene, he does leave some remembrances of himself that we encounter; he build Cesarea Philippi, which is not the same Caesarea as on the coast and that’s why it’s called Cesarea Philippi, it’s called Cesarea that Philip built.  So he, like his father built a lot of buildings.  He died in 34 AD and we have little to say about him.

 

Now we come to the other son, Archelaus; remember Archelaus and Antipas both are sons of Malthace, and these are the men who rule all of Judea at the time that John the Baptist begins his ministry.  Archelaus was declared an ethnark by Caesar; he went off to Rome and an ethnark is higher than a tetrarch, an ethnark of Judea, he had a high office but he was not king and right here we see one phase of discipline applied to the second generation.  Though Herod was called king of the Jews, his sons never could aspire to the title of king.  We’re going to watch a little thing that’s pulled off by the wife of Antipas here in a little bit, and she tries to get him declared king but doesn’t make it.  But all the sons of Herod never inherit the title that their father had.  So you can see that the glory of the family begins to fade.

 

And you have Archelaus; Archelaus is ethnark of Judea, he had a high office and he is mentioned in Matthew 2:22.  He is the man that you meet here, when Joseph is down in Egypt, he’s waiting until Herod the Great dies, and in verse 22, “when he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judea in the room of his father, Herod, he was afraid to go there; notwithstanding, being warned of God [in a dream], he turned aside into the parts of Galilee.”  Archelaus knew the most and probably knew the most about Herod and the incident of the Messiah so Joseph decides to move out and take the family up here under the place where he can live under Antipas. 

 

Now this Archelaus continued construction around Jericho and then finally he, like his father, became a victim of paranoia, because he too, like his father, was hated by the Jews.  He had a wife and he divorced her to marry the wife of Alexander, the boy that Herod slaughtered, so he married his brother’s sister and this violated the levirate law of Leviticus.  And so the Jews didn’t like Archelaus because he could care less about the law. 

 

Now where did they get this defiance of the Word?  Where did they learn this, these sons?  They learned it from their father.  This is a family trait that they have learned from Herod.  Finally, he irritates the Jews so much that Augustus calls him back to Rome and says Archelaus, you’ve had it, and he ships him off to France and there he dies in poverty.  And ever after that there’s no ethnark that rules in Galilee, from this point on they’re ruled by procurators, such as Pontius Pilate and others.  This is how the procurators started.  So Archelaus is out; and then Jerusalem falls under direct Roman control.

 

Now what about this remaining son, Antipas.  He’s the one that we meet in the pages of the Bible.  So let’s turn to Mark 6 where we meet the second generation of the Herod’s, Mark 6:14.  Now like his brothers, Antipas learned a lot about the Old Testament, but he also learned a lot about Rome.  And he had that brother, remember I told you one of the Philip’s disappeared and went into private business and was a private citizen.  And he married a real good looking red-headed woman by the name of Herodias.  And she was a very attractive woman but a very ambitious woman; she is also related to Herod.  Now you can see the intermarriages going on here; it’s not incest but she is related to Herod also through various family relationships.  So both Philip and Herodias, though they are married, man and wife, both of them have the genes of Herod. 

 

Now Herodias has the ambition of her father; and she decides that what’s she is going to do is that she is going to be queen and she doesn’t care to be married to this clod of a husband that she’s has because she’s jut a private citizen.  Every other one of Herod’s sons that’s still alive is in politics and what do you do?  You’re just a businessman.  And so Herodias begins to nag, and she nags and nags and nags and nags her husband because she was a very ambitious woman and she makes Philip’s life miserable.  And Philip doesn’t know what to do about it; he’s calmed down and he’s all quiet and peaceful, he doesn’t know how he inherited this thing, and so one day he sees an opportunity because Antipas drops in for a visit, and he comes down from Galilee and in the meantime Antipas had married an Arabian princess, a daughter of Aretas, daughter of Aretas IV who was an Arab king, and Antipas has this dark-haired Arab wife and he decides he’s going to take a visit to see his brother Philip and he walks in and all of a sudden it’s love at first sight… not really, he sees Herodias and Herodias sees him and she knows that Antipas, since Archelaus has gone to France and he’s out of the picture that she’s got one chance to be queen, and that is, I’m going to pull something off and I’m going to dump my husband and get in here with Antipas. 

 

So somehow in this visit when Antipas drops in that he inherits Herodias and dumps his Arabian wife for Herodias.  So he takes Herodias off Philip’s hands, Philip is probably glad to get rid of her by this point, and so he just lets Antipas walk off with his red-headed wife.  Now I don’t know if this means all red-heads are ambitious or not but anyway she’s a very ambitious woman and now she thinks she’s got it with Antipas.  So she starts to work on Antipas and she’s always in the background trying to work on Antipas because remember, Antipas is only a tetrarch, he’s not a king like his father, and she wants to be queen. 

 

So therefore in Mark 6:14 you watch what happens when John the Baptist is preaching.  Now at this point in Mark he is hearing Jesus preached but the text takes us back to an earlier event when he heard John preach.  Verse 16, he’s hearing Jesus preached and he thinks Jesus is John the Baptist come back.  “But when Herod hear this, he said,” now this Herod is Herod Antipas, “when Herod heard these things he said it is John, whom I beheaded; he is risen from the dead.  [17] For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for Herodias’ sake, his brother Philips wife; for he had married her.  [18] For John had said unto Herod, it is not lawful for thee to have thy brother’s wife.  [19] Therefore Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him, but she could not.  [20] For Herod feared John, knowing that he was just [righteous] man, and a holy, and protected him; and when he heard him, he did many things, and heard him gladly. 

 

[21] And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief men of Galilee, [22] And when the daughter of the said Herodias came in, and danced, and pleased Herod and them who sat with him, the king said unto damsel, Ask of me now whatever thou will, and I will give it to you.  [23] And he swore unto her, Whatever you shall ask of me, I will give it to you, unto the half of my kingdom.  [24] And she went forth, and said to her mother,” who’s her mother?  Herodias, “What shall I ask?  And she said, The head of John the Baptist.  [25] And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that you give me you give me by and by in a charger [at once on a platter] the head of John the Baptist.  [26] And the king was exceedingly sorry; yet for his oath’s sake, and for their sakes which sat with him, he would not reject her.  [27] And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his head to be brought; and he went and beheaded him in the prison.”

 

All right, now watch what’s happening here.  What’s Herodias’ ambition?  She’s going to be queen.  All right, now we have John the Baptist move in and John all through Galilee is getting vast numbers of people to trust the Lord.  John the Baptist goes before Christ.  John the Baptist is declaring the gospel.  Herod Antipas hears the gospel; why does he hear the gospel?  Because it says here, verse 20, “knowing he was a just men, and a holy one, he observed him, and when he heard him,” so the second generation of the Herod’s had a clear presentation of the gospel of Jesus Christ.  And yet this man, the second generation, like his father, rejects the Word.  Both men had a clear presentation of the issue and both men rejected.

 

Now watch the family curse, watch how God is going to clobber the second generation like He clobbered the first.  “I will visit the iniquity of the fathers unto the sons, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me,” including these families who are unbelievers. 

 

Obviously by this time Herodias becomes very upset because apparently when Herod was listening to one of John’s Bible classes the topic of adultery came up and marriage and divorce, and so then he announced the fact that there were no biblical grounds for the divorce for Herodias from Philip.  And since there were no biblical grounds John said you are living in adultery; I don’t care what the state says and I don’t care what divorce decree you have, you’re wrong.  And so probably he went home and told his wife, we doubt Herodias ever heard John, but Herod would come back home and he would say, say, you know Herodias, this guy John, you know what he says about our marriage?  It’s wrong.  And she probably flipped a lid and when she finally got calmed down and settled she realized something; here is a threat to my desire to be queen. 

 

She wasn’t just worried about being accused of adultery; that wasn’t the point because these women were accused of adultery all over the ancient world.  Everybody knew that it was adultery, that wasn’t the point.  What so angered Herodias was the fact that if that marriage was not legitimate in the eyes of the Jews political pressure could be brought upon her and she couldn’t be the queen that she wanted to be.  And it was political expediency of this woman with her negative volition and her drive that she had picked up from her father Herod, and she began to work on her husband over and over and over and began to nag him and nag him and nag him until finally… she never could do anything with him directly until this incident with Salome who was a very great dancer.  And once Herod Antipas had made this promise to her daughter, then the mother knew exactly that she had it, and you can obviously see that it must have been something that she had prior arranged, she must have had a hint that her husband would do this for her daughter because, verse 24, when Salome “went forth, who did she go to to talk to?  She went to her mother, Herodias, the woman that was going to be queen.  And so she decided I am going to get John the Baptist out of the way; my husband is a weakling, my husband won’t do anything, so I am going to do it, I am going to make him get John the Baptist out of the way, I’m going to remove the threat to my ambition.  And so she did.

 

Now in Luke 9 we meet another time with Herod Antipas faces the gospel of Jesus Christ.  The second generation, the first generation has rejected the gospel; the second generation is hearing the gospel.  Now watch what happens.  He has slaughtered John the Baptist under his wife.  But in Luke 9:7-9, “Now Herod, the tetrarch, heard of all that was done by Jesus Christ,” so now not only does Herod Antipas have all of the Bible teaching of John the Baptist, but now he is getting all of the teaching of Jesus Christ Himself.  Now think of this; here is a family in high political office that had a clear presentation; his father through the prophets of the Old Testament, and now here his son, twice, once through John the Baptist, once through Jesus Christ.  Verse 7, “Herod, the tetrarch, heard of all that as done by Him: and he was perplexed,” this is a guilt conscience, see, “because it was said of some that John was risen from the dead.  [8] And of some that Elijah had appeared; and by others, that one of the old prophets was risen again.  [9] And Herod said, John have I beheaded, but who is this, of whom I hear such things?  And he desired to hear Him.” 

 

Watch that last word in verse 9, “He desired to hear Him.”  Now that looks like, on the surface, that Herod Antipas might be on positive volition toward the gospel at this point, but is he?  No.  Herod, like his father, has so much scar tissue, here’s his mind, here’s his conscience, he has gone on negative volition, his conscience has testified to the truth and he’s rejected it so that he’s got scar tissue up here, and he doesn’t want to hear the gospel to believe, he wants to hear the gospel just like his father wanted the report from the wise men, so that I can come and worship the Christ.  It’s the same thing that his father did, and he’s going to get that chance, if you’ll now turn to Luke 23; he desires to speak to Christ.  And then on the day of the trial of Jesus Christ the two men come face to face.  Jesus Christ and Herod Antipas; Herod Antipas, the second generation of a cursed family, a man who desires to hear Jesus Christ and now the God-man King, Jesus Christ Himself, and the two men meet in Luke 23:7, “And as soon as he,” Pilate, “belonged unto Herod’s jurisdiction,” remember I said Herod ruled in Galilee; Jesus was a Galilean, “belonged unto Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem at that time.  [8] And when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceedingly glad; for he was desirous to see Him for a long time,” again, like his father, he wanted to trifle, like his father he wanted to hear these spiritual things but never apply them.  He wanted to know, but never to believe.  And so he was very glad, “because he had heard many things of Him; and he hoped to have seen some miracle done by Him,” entertainment. 

 

Luke 23:9, “Then he questioned Him in many words;” and then the answer in verse 9, this is what God gives the second generation, “He answered him nothing.”  And the word in the Greek is that he kept on questioning Him, and Herod had Jesus Christ standing within a foot of him and he asked Him over and over and over, and Christ sat there and said nothing.  Nothing may be said to the second generation because they’ve rejected the light that they’ve had and they turned away from it and Christ is essentially saying I’m giving you no more; you had all the light you could need to believe in Me; you heard John the Baptist talk of Me, and you didn’t believe, I am not going to talk to you any further; no more evidences will be given, the Word of God is cut off, and the second generation receives no further light.

 

This is the execution of God’s wrath upon this second generation.  Luke 23:12, “And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together; for before they were at enmity between themselves.”  Again, like his father, what does he do?  He makes a political (?) out of the situation.  It’s more important for him to patch up his political relationships with the procurator of Roman Pontius Pilate than it is for him to hear the words of Jesus Christ.  And so what happens and how did this man, the second generation die? 

 

In summary here’s what happened.  In 36 AD, several; years after Christ was crucified, the father of his first wife, Aretas IV, came with a great army and killed off and destroyed and defeated the army of Herod Antipas.  After this he retired northward to Galilee; he had lost the southern section of the land, this had been lost to Aretas IV and he retired to Galilee.  Well, Herodias, his wife just about blew right at this point.  Her husband was not only just a tetrarch and wasn’t going to be king, but he had lost all of his territory in the south and this ambitious woman is going to nag and nag her husband until she gets to be queen.  And so she operates, and over and over and over and over she works on Antipas. 

 

One day Antipas is at a party and he has a relative by the name of Agrippa, whom we will meet next week, and they’re in a city near Tyre, and they’re having a real party out there and they’re all inebriated, and rolling on the floor and as the Romans usually do, you know, they eat and then take a feather and tickle it vomit it all up and then they eat again and fornicate in between, and so by the time this had gone on for 2 or 3 days everybody was pretty loaded and out of their mind.  Well, about 2 or 3 days into this party Antipas faces Agrippa and by this time Agrippa had become penniless, we’ll learn about this next week, and he dropped in on Antipas to stay with him. 

Well, Herodias had enough problems with her husband that wasn’t going to be king, and she was going to be queen and then she has this no-good bum that camps on the family doorstep.  And so she starts aggravating and agitating and agitating Antipas and finally Antipas blows up at this feast, and he calls Agrippa a no good slob in front of all the people that are there and this goes all up and down the (?) coast which provides the background for something in the book of Acts. 

 

So after the party, Herodias has at least accomplished one thing, she’s gotten that no good bum off the steps, because she made her husband mad enough to insult the guy so he does to Rome.  But what does he do when he gets to Rome?  He begins to work on Caesar, Tiberius Caesar; Tiberius Caesar throws him in jail but then Tiberius dies and then a year later Gaius Caesar attains the Roman throne and who happens to be buddy-buddy with the Caesar?  And so Agrippa works, say you know this guy, Antipas, he’s a real cluck, and he’s ruining the eastern end of the Roman Empire.  And so while Herodias is busy working on her husband to be king and says Antipas, you’ve got to go to Rome, you’ve got to go Rome, you’ve got to talk to the Caesar to make you king; I will not be married to a tetrarch, I will be married only to a king.  And so finally Antipas very old and he doesn’t want to do this, but finally for his wife, Herodias’ sake, he trots off to Rome.  But unfortunately Agrippa has prepared the way and when they walk into the Caesar and he says say, I’d like to be king and the Caesar says oh, you would, well I would like you not even to be tetrarch, bye-bye, and so he excommunicates Antipas and he loses his throne, and Herodias is given the option of being a prostitute in the Roman court or going off into exile her husband and she decides to trot off with her husband.  Whether she ever learned the lesson or not I don’t know but she left and here is the woman who was so zealous to be queen and she wound up losing her husband’s tetrarchs, she didn’t even get him to be king.

 

And he died in poverty.  So I want you to watch by way of review what has happened.  We have Herod the Great; Herod the Great goes on negative volition to the Old Testament, he commits an act of negative volition toward the slaughter of the innocents in Bethlehem.  Result: he dies a very horrible death.  Herod has sons; one Herod Alexander is slaughtered; the other son, Aristobulus is slaughtered.  Antipater is slaughtered.  Philip goes as a private citizen; another son, Philip in a just king, dies in peace.  So these men die violent deaths; these two men as far as we can tell, die normal deaths but they got out of the system.  And then finally we have this man over here, Antipas, and he takes over from his father, he and Archelaus, Archelaus dies in poverty, and Antipas dies in poverty.  And that’s the way the second generation ends of the Herod family.  Both those generations had a clear presentation of the gospel; both those generations could have believed at any given point.  And both those generations, like father like son, they rejected, and as a result they died very bad and violent deaths. 

 

Next week we’ll take the third and the fourth generation from the book of Acts, where Paul and James and Peter encounter these men and once again, the third and fourth generations hear the gospel of Christ and once again they reject, because as God says, I will visit the iniquity of the fathers unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate Me.